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Exploration/Colonization & Absolute Monarchs

Exploration/Colonization & Absolute Monarchs. Europe explores the East. Changes in Culture. Renaissance Reformation Expansion of Islam Move from self-subsistence More Trade – merchants do very well. Ottoman Empire. Why had Europeans not explored?. Wars Crusades Money Leadership

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Exploration/Colonization & Absolute Monarchs

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  1. Exploration/Colonization & Absolute Monarchs

  2. Europe explores the East

  3. Changes in Culture • Renaissance • Reformation • Expansion of Islam • Move from self-subsistence • More Trade – merchants do very well

  4. Ottoman Empire

  5. Why had Europeans not explored? • Wars • Crusades • Money • Leadership • Culture

  6. Why can Europe now expand?, 1400s • Change in culture • Get rich • Spread Christianity • New technologies • Gold, God, and Glory

  7. Before - Trade controlled by Muslim & Italian Now = Who wants to get rich?

  8. How are non Italians & Muslims going to get wealth? • New Trade Route • New ships • caravel • Triangular sails from Arabs • Better navigation • Astrolabe from Muslims • Magnetic compass from China • School in Portugal – Prince Henry

  9. Who leads the new exploration? • Portugal • Prince Henry “the Navigator” • African trading posts • Bartolomeu Dias, 1488 • Vasco de Gama, 1498 • Spain • Columbus, 1492

  10. Europe Explores the West

  11. Why did Columbus sail? • Spain is trying to compete with Portugal • Problems if they use same route around Africa • He had experience sailing and was first to approach King and Queen

  12. How did Columbus affect others? • More explorers set out • Map on pg 555 • Magellan and his crew

  13. What impact did Columbus & other Spanish conquistadors have? • Cortes • Mexico-Aztecs & Montezuma • Pizarro • Peru-Incas & Atahuapla

  14. How did Spain rule over colonies? • Encomienda • Spanish born, pure Spanish born in Americas, Mestizos, Natives • Fields, mines, domestic, some sold • African slaves will replace Natives as lowest • Disease

  15. Colonizing America

  16. Where do European countries colonize? • France – Canada, Along St. Lawerence River & Mississippi River, Midwest US, Caribbean • Great Britain – East Coast, Canada, Caribbean • Spain – South America, Mexico, SW US, Caribbean

  17. Cotton & Sugar plantations Wealthy getting wealthier Huge area for pirate attacks Start of African slaves What is going on in the Caribbean?

  18. African Slaves • Slavery is not new • Sold to traders by other Africans • Triangle Trade • Middle Passage

  19. Absolute Monarch

  20. What is an Absolute Monarch? • Believes they have divine right • Try to control every aspect of country • Government • Religion • Culture • Military • Economy

  21. Why do these monarchs come to power? • Conflicts and issues in countries • People want order and look to strong leaders/individuals • Competing with other monarchs

  22. Who are some absolute monarchs? • Philip II of Spain – first absolute • Louis XIV – ideal absolute • Peter the Great of Russia • Frederick the Great of Prussia • England does not have true absolute monarch

  23. How is France Changing? • Cardinal Richelieu • True ruler of France under Louis XIII • Eliminates Protestants • Involves France in 30 Years War

  24. What did Louis XIV do? • Takes throne as 5 year old • Weakens nobles – excludes them • Revenge for trying to overthrow him • Appoints Colbert as minister of finance • Mercantilism • Tariffs • Cancels Edict of Nantes • Religious tolerance/freedom

  25. Versailles

  26. Louis cont • Nobles are servants • Builds Versailles • Center for arts • funding, in plays, gardens • Pg 600 • Wars • Spanish Netherlands • War of Spanish Succession

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