1 / 97

Read “The Storyteller”: on Pg. 71. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact England’s attempt at colonization?

Warm-up 10/11. Read “The Storyteller”: on Pg. 71. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact England’s attempt at colonization? PUT A DIVIDER IN YOUR NOTEBOOK AND PUT THIS AFTER THE DIVIDER. WE ARE STARTING A NEW UNIT. Unit 2 Colonial Settlement. Chapter 3. Colonial America 1587-1770.

magdalena
Télécharger la présentation

Read “The Storyteller”: on Pg. 71. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact England’s attempt at colonization?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Warm-up 10/11 • Read “The Storyteller”: on Pg. 71. How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact England’s attempt at colonization? • PUT A DIVIDER IN YOUR NOTEBOOK AND PUT THIS AFTER THE DIVIDER. WE ARE STARTING A NEW UNIT

  2. Unit 2 Colonial Settlement

  3. Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587-1770

  4. War between England and Spain • Attacks on Spanish forts by Sir Frances Drake infuriated King Phillip of Spain. • Spain sent the Spanish Armada, the most powerful navy in the world at the time to conquer England. • England's smaller, faster ships outsmarted the large powerful Spanish ships, and the fleet was defeated.

  5. Effects of the Victory • Spain no longer controlled the seas, which opened the way for England to openly attempt colonizing America. • England and other European nations could now claim colonies in the Americans. • Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth. He died at sea looking for a suitable colony.

  6. Roanoke • Sir Walter Raleigh was sent to the Americas looking for a place to settle, and found Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina. • He returned and spread word of an island that was good for farming and the people were “gentle, loving, and faithful.”

  7. Roanoke • In 1585, Raleigh sent about 100 men to settle on Roanoke Island. After a difficult winter, the colonists returned to England • In 1587, Raleigh tried again sending 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children. John White, a mapmaker led the group. • This group too had difficulties. White returned to England to get supplies. He planned on being gone three months, but due to war with Spain it lasted 3 years.

  8. Roanoke • When White returned the island was deserted. The only clue was the word Croatoan on the gatepost. Croatoan was an island 100 miles south. • Bad weather kept White from investigating, the colony was never heard from again.

  9. Jamestown • The idea of settlement came back about 20 years later. • Merchants looked for Charters, or the right to organize a settlement in the area from King James I. • The Virginia Company from England was a Joint Stock Company, where investors bought stock, or part ownership of a company, in return for a share of the profits

  10. Jamestown • The company sent 144 settlers in 3 ships to America to look for gold and set up trade in fish and furs • 40 died along the voyage • The settlers entered the Chesapeake Bay and then sailed up a river flowing into the bay. They named the river James and the colony Jamestown, after the king.

  11. Pro’s Built on a peninsula to prevent Native American attack. Con’s Swampland Mosquitoes carrying malaria (deadly disease). Lacked good farmland Surrounded by Native American Settlements Jamestown

  12. Jamestown colonists • Many Colonists never experienced hard labor • Settlers searched for gold and silver instead of growing food • Disease and hunger devastated the colonists • In January 1608, when additional men and supplies arrived only 38 men remained alive.

  13. Jamestown’s leader • Captain John Smith, a soldier, arrived in 1608. • Smith forced the people to work the fields, and convinced the Powhatan people to give them corn. • Smith was replaced the following year with a harsh governor named Lord De La Warr.

  14. More Problems • The winter of 1609-1610 was extremely harsh • The people had to feed on their animals • They started with horses and other large beasts, but eventually had to eat dogs, cats, rats, and mice to survive. • Trouble also broke out with the Native Americans, and 300 hungry colonists were barricaded in their walls. • When more settlers arrived in May, only 60 settlers were still alive.

  15. Tobacco Saves us all!!! Seriously • Popularity was growing in Europe, even though many found smoking disgusting • John Rolfe learned to grow a type of tobacco that was less bitter. • Soon every farmer in Jamestown was growing tobacco, and many people were now coming to Jamestown • Rolfe married Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powatan, and relations with Native Americans improved.

  16. Representative Government • People were getting sick taking orders from the Virginia Company (Still in England) • Sir George Yeardley took over as Governor, and ended military rule. • Yeardley allowed the men to elect representatives called Burgesses to an assembly. This assembly made the laws for the colony. • The House of Burgessesmet for the first time in a church in Jamestown in 1619.

  17. New Arrivals in Jamestown • In 1619, the Virginia company sent 100 women to Jamestown. The leaders believed families were important to build a good colony. • Colonists who wanted to marry a women had to pay a fee of 120 pounds of tobacco. • Men still outnumbered women, but marriage and children became common in Virginia.

  18. Other New Arrivals in Jamestown • Another ship in 1619 brought 20 Africans who were sold to Virginia planters for labor. • These first Africans may have come as servants, who would work for a set period of time then be free, rather than slaves. • Until 1640 Africans laborers in Jamestown were free and even owned property. William Tucker, the first black man born in America was a free man. • However, by 1661, with the demand for tobacco and other crops growing, slavery was accepted into Virginia law.

  19. The King Takes Over • In 1624, the King of England cancelled the Virginia Company’s charter and took control of the colony, making it England’s first royal colony in America.

  20. Warm-up 10/16/07 • What does it mean to be persecuted? How would you react to this?

  21. Section 2: New England Colonies

  22. Section 2: New England Colonies • Captain John Smith explored and mapped the coast of New England. • The area was renamed Plymouth • Unlike Jamestown and the Spanish colonies, these people did not travel to America for riches.

  23. Religion in England • The main church in England was the Protestant Anglican Church • Many people dissented or disagreed with the beliefs and practices of the Anglicans • English Catholics were persecuted , or treated harshly for their belief that the pope was the head of the church, not the English monarch.

  24. Protestants in England • Protestants, a major religion in England, were divided • Some wanted to reform, or change the Anglican church, others wanted to break away from it altogether • People that wanted to reform the church were called Puritans • People who wanted to break away from it completely were called separatists.

  25. Separatists • The Separatists were persecuted in England, some fled to the Netherlands • Many did not want to go to the Netherlands, although they accepted them religiously many feared their children would lose their English heritage. • Where could they go to escape England?

  26. Separatists ctd… • The Separatists made an agreement with the Virginia Colony that they could go to Virginia and practice their religion freely, in return for profits they made. • These separatists called themselves Pilgrims, because their journey had a religious purpose. • In September 1620, only 35 of 102 passengers who boarded the Mayflower were pilgrims. The others were servants, craftsman, and poor farmers.

  27. Group Time • I will now assign you into three groups • One group will represent puritans, one group will represent separatists, and one group will represent pilgrims. • Be ready to answer the following questions (Use pg. 78): • 1. How do I feel about the Anglican Church in England • 2. What do I intend to do about my situation with the Church. • 3. How do I feel (I mean really deep down).

  28. The Mayflower’s Journey • The pilgrims planned to settle in the Virginia Colony. • They were forced to land in Cape Cod, because it was November and winter was near. • They landed in December 1620 at Plymouth

  29. Mayflower Compact • Since they landed at Plymouth, they were outside of the laws and territory of the Virginia Company • The Mayflower Compact pledged loyalty to England and declared their intention of forming a “Civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation”. • The signers promised to obey laws for the general good of the colony.

  30. Rough First Winter • Their first winter in America, almost half of the pilgrims died of malnutrition, disease, and cold. • In the Spring, Native Americans approached the settlement. • Squanto and Samoset, two Native Americans befriended the colonists. Squanto was kidnapped by an English ship captain earlier and learned English.

  31. Native American Help • Native Americans taught the Pilgrims how to grow crops (corn, beans, and pumpkins). • They also taught the Pilgrims where to hunt and fish. • Squanto and Samoset helped the Pilgrims make a peaceful treaty with the Wampanoag people who lived in the area.

  32. Feast • In autumn of 1621, the Pilgrims invited the Native Americans to celebrate peace between the two sides. • The Pilgrims were happy to be raising food. • During this feast between the two groups, the pilgrims thanked God for the harvest and their survival. • This feast was known as the first Thanksgiving

  33. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Meanwhile back in England…… • The English throne passed to Charles I. Charles objected to Puritans’ calls for reform in the Anglican Church, and he increased persecutions. • The puritans looked for a way to leave England. • In 1628 they formed the New England Company and received a royal charter to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

  34. Thursday Warm-up 10/18 • Which people founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony and why did they leave England?

  35. Massachusetts Bay Ctd… • This was the Puritans chance to create a new society in America, based on their own beliefs. • John Winthrop became the colonies governor, and led 1,000 men, women, and children in 11 ships to Massachussetts Bay. Most of them settled in a place they called Boston. • Their settlement would be a model for other Christian colonies to follow

  36. More people leave England • During the 1630’s religious persecution and economic hard times in England drove more than 15,000 puritans to journey to Massachusetts. This is called the Great Migration • People decided that every adult male that owned land could vote for their governor and other representatives to the General Court.

  37. Intolerance • The Puritans left England to escape religious persecution • The Puritans however, had little tolerationor they criticized and persecuted people with different religious views. • This lack of toleration led to the creation of more colonies.

  38. Connecticut • The Connecticut river was better for farming than the land around Boston • Thomas Hooker, a minister, became dissatisfied with Massachusetts, and did not like the way John Winthrop ran the colony. • He led a group through the wilderness and set up the town of Hartford. Three years later, two other towns, Windsor and Wethersfield agreed to form a colony. • They created the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first constitution of America.

  39. Rhode Island • Rhode Island was settled by colonists who were forced out of Massachusetts. • Roger Williams, a minister, felt people should be free to follow any religion. • He felt government and church should be separate. He also felt colonists should not take land away from Native Americans

  40. Roger Williams • His ideas disturbed leaders of Massachusetts. Williams left before they could banish him back to England. • He took refuge with the Wampanoag people, and eventually bought land from them. • He later named the site Providence

  41. Roger Williams • He received a charter in 1644 for a colony east of Connecticut called Rhode Island. • With its policy of tolerating religion, Rhode Island became a center for all faiths, where they could worship freely. • Others followed Williams’ example. John Wheelwright in 1638 led a group from Massachusetts north. There he founded the town of Exeter in New Hampshire.

  42. Anne Hutchinson • Hutchinson came to Massachusetts with her husband in 1634. She started having religious meetings in her home in Boston in 1634. • She questioned the religious authority of the colony’s masters. • She thought women should have more power

  43. Hutchinson Ctd…. • Puritans were shocked to hear a woman state her ideas so boldly • He was seen as a danger, and was put on trial for heresy. • She had a good knowledge of religion, but nevertheless was found guilty and kicked out of the colony. • Her and her family moved to Rhode Island

  44. What about Native Americans? • There was a sharp decline in population • In 1600, there were about 100,000 Native Americans living in New England. • By 1675, only 10,000 survived • Diseases, not war killed many. Chicken Pox, Small Pox, measles, and other European diseases struck them. The Native Americans had no defense for them.

  45. Native American Wars with Settlers • The Pequot War in 1637 was between people in Connecticut and the Pequot people. • Colonists hated how the Pequot would trade with other groups, such as the Netherlands • The worst attack was committed by the English, who surrounded a Pequot village and set fire to it. • As the village went up in flames, the English killed natives trying to escape

  46. King Philip’s War • Metacomet, the chief of the Wampanoag was known to settlers as King Phillip. • He resented the expansion of settlers, and started killing English who were advancing onto their land. They killed several thousand settlers in three years. • The settlers allied with the Mohawk Indians years later. The Mohawk attacked and ambushed the Wampanoag villages, killing Metacomet and ending the war. • Colonists were able to expand their settlements

  47. Warm-up 10/22 • Look at the Map on Pg. 85. What were the four middle colonies? What geographic feature made Philadelphia and New York City centers for trade?

  48. Section 3: Middle Colonies

  49. Section 3: Middle Colonies • In 1660 England had two areas of colonies in America. • They had the New England Colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. • They had the Southern Colonies, (Maryland, Virginia). • Between the two groups were land controlled by the Dutch (Netherlands).

More Related