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Female Reproduction Ova - Female reproduction cells stored in the ovaries

Female Reproduction Ova - Female reproduction cells stored in the ovaries Estrogen (Hormone)- Organs mature, develops pubic and armpit hair, regulates release of eggs Menstruation - The process of shedding the lining of the uterus (endometrium –uterine lining) Occurs monthly

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Female Reproduction Ova - Female reproduction cells stored in the ovaries

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  1. Female Reproduction • Ova- Female reproduction cells • stored in the ovaries • Estrogen (Hormone)- Organs mature, develops pubic and armpit hair, regulates release of eggs • Menstruation- The process of shedding the lining of the uterus (endometrium –uterine lining) • Occurs monthly • Ovulation- Ovaries begin the process of releasing one mature ovum each month • Zygote- The cell that results from the union of sperm and ovum • Fetus- Last 7 months of development • Placenta- Organ that nourishes fetus

  2. Internal Organs • Vagina- Very muscular/elastic tube-like passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body. • Ovaries- Female sex glands Function: House the ova and produce female hormones estrogen and progesterone • Cervix- Neck of uterus dilates during birth to allow passage of baby • Uterus- Strong elastic muscle about the size of a fist Function: Hold and nourish developing embryo and fetus; fertilized egg implants itself here • Lining of the uterus is called endometrium • Fallopian Tubes-Located on each side of the uterus, and are lined w/ cilia (tiny hair-like projections) fertilization occurs here. • Fertilized egg travels down these tubes and implants in the uterus

  3. External Organs Mons Pubis- Rounded fatty pad of tissue, covered w/ pubic hair Labia Majora- Outer fold of tissue on either side of vaginal opening Labia Minora- Inner fold of tissue that extends forward forming a hood-like covering over the clitoris

  4. Female Concerns Infertility- Inability for a female to become pregnant Problems that can cause infertility: Blocked fallopian tubes- Causes are pelvic inflammatory disease or abdominal surgery. ***Leading cause of infertility*** Endometriosis- Uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, often appearing on the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the abdominal cavity Problems related to menstruation: Menstrual cramps- Cramps in abdominal occur during menstrual period

  5. Concerns continued… Vaginitis- Most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age Symptoms: Discharge, odor, itching, pain. Amenorrhea- Lack of menstruation by age of 16 or stopping of cycle for 3 or more months (PMS) Premenstrual Syndrome- Symptoms are: nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, bloating, weight gain, depression, mood swings (TSS) Toxic Shock Syndrome- Staph Infection ~Bacteria produce a toxic poison that affects liver and the immune system Symptoms: vomiting, dizziness, rash, kidney and liver damage, Yeast Infection- Fungus, discharge, foul odor, and severe itching. Effects Vulva and Vaginal Opening

  6. Concerns continued… Breast Cancer- Change in breast or nipple, lump or swelling in breast or armpit ~4000 women and 400 men will die this yr of breast cancer Mammogram- X-ray exam of the breasts used to detect and evaluate changes Cervical Cancer- Causes can include many sexual partners, early sexual activity, effects women between 20-30. Caused by HPV Pap Smear- Test to detect for abnormal cells in cervix Ovarian Cysts- Fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Small non-cancerous, usually disappear on their own. Larger cysts may need surgery

  7. Female Athlete Triad • A syndrome of three interrelated conditions that exist on a continuum of severity including • Energy deficiency with or without disordered eating, menstrual disturbances/amenorrhea, bone loss/osteoporosis • Energy deficiency with or without disordered eating • imbalance between amount of energy consumed and amount of energy expended during exercise or activity • Primary cause of triad is energy deficiency • Menstrual disturbances • Amenorrhea (no menstrual period for 3 months or more) • Athletes who have irregular cycles are also susceptible to the effects of the triad • Bone loss • Higher risk for low bone mass leading to weakening bones called osteoporosis • Increase risk of fractures

  8. Preventing Problems 1. Prevent STDs 2. Prevent vaginal irritation: redness, itching, and mild pain. Avoid wearing. tight clothing 3. Relieving menstrual cramps- taking warm baths, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, reducing caffeine and sugar intake

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