1. Ester Mukete Historical Perspectives in Southern Africa-A story of Race Relations

2. Introduction • The paper is concerned with the effect of continuous segregation of race of people over hundreds of years. The first section gave a view of the settlement of Southern Africa by all races. It was shown that part from the Bushmen Hottentots and Namas. Southern Africa was never settled before the 1100 AD. However, by 1400 both the Muntu (Bantu) and Mabunu (white settlers) converged in the present day Republic of South Africa

3. Southern African countries: South Africa, Namibia, Angola, Botswana, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Lesotho and Zimbabwe

4. Homelands:SwazilandLesothoBantustanBotswana Zululand (Chaka).

5. Story of two people the Muntu (black) and Mabunu (whites) Mr. Moyo and Mr. Van Wyk

6. Mr. Moyo (Ndebele from Homeland)Peasant famerNo titles on landSmall plotCan only work as a labeler-menial workerCarries a pass all the timeCan only have house in places called locationNot allowed to buy homes outside homelandShop denied according to tribesSchool segregated according to the tribal and ethnic, example Ndebele their own.Equipped by local authoritiesPoor equipments Lack of teachersOvercrowded

7. Mr Van Wyk (Orange Free State)Commercial farmerGranted seasonal loansHave land titles on large average in urban areasCan apply and hold jobDoes not have to carry any identification

8. Can buy any a house any part of the town and hold a title to it.Can shop anywhere in towns or rural areasSchool for whites only.Equip by Government fund and private resources

9. All the separation or apartheid was strictly enforced by the government and separate development apartheid. • In Southern Africa there was a belief that race should never mix. • Hence, apartheid which means separate development. Bit with little land and no resources to develop land or their children the black children were doomed for failure. It was and still assumed that the blacks cannot progress on their own.