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Statistics Ch.1: Variables & Measurement

Statistics Ch.1: Variables & Measurement. Types. Statistics: Descriptive Inferential Data: Collections of observations Population Sample. Data & Measurement. Qualitative Data -> Nominal Measurement Names, categories, groups, attitudes… Ranked Data -> Ordinal Measurement

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Statistics Ch.1: Variables & Measurement

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  1. Statistics Ch.1:Variables & Measurement

  2. Types • Statistics: • Descriptive • Inferential • Data: Collections of observations • Population • Sample

  3. Data & Measurement • Qualitative Data -> Nominal Measurement • Names, categories, groups, attitudes… • Ranked Data -> Ordinal Measurement • Placement, relative standing, Olympic medals…

  4. Data & Measurement • Quantitative Data-> Interval/Ratio Measurement • Amount or count, equivalent differences: • Weight, height, temperature, test scores, income… • Ratio = Interval + an absolute 0

  5. Variables • Discrete vs Continuous • Independent vs Dependent • Confounding

  6. Experimental Design • Experiments • Random assignment • Observational Studies • Random sampling

  7. What is the pattern of scores? • Graphs often make it easier to see certain characteristics and trends in a set of data. • Graphs for quantitative data. • Stem and Leaf Display • Histogram • Frequency Polygon • Graphs for qualitative data. • Bar Chart • Pie Chart number/count class/category

  8. Shapes of Distributions

  9. Misleading Graphs

  10. HW 1 • Appendix A: Pretest, read, Posttest • Find a study (internet, paper, tv, etc) • Summarize in a paragraph • Identify key terms from ch. 1: • Population or sample? • Inferential or descriptive? • Random sampling/assignment? • Data & measurement? • Discrete/continuous variable(s)? • Experiment/observational study? • Independent, dependent, confounding variables

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