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Late Nineteenth Century European Thought and Society

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36 diapositives · 1.7K Views · Mar 01, 2012

Late Nineteenth Century European Thought and Society. 1870-1900. Objective. To understand economic and social developments in late 19 th century Europe To understand conditions of women, workers, and Jews in late 19 th century Europe

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Late Nineteenth Century European Thought and Society
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  1. Late Nineteenth CenturyEuropean Thought and Society 1870-1900

  2. Objective • To understand economic and social developments in late 19th century Europe • To understand conditions of women, workers, and Jews in late 19th century Europe • To understand intellectual trends of late 19th century Europe

  3. The Second Industrial Revolution • Began in the 1850s • First Industrial Revolution • Steel, chemicals, electricity, and oil • Internal combustion engine • Consumer society

  4. Marshall Field’s Department Store, 1890

  5. European Railroads 1870-1914

  6. Iron and Steel Production 1875-1915

  7. European GNP 1830-1913

  8. Early Automobile, 1899

  9. The Second Industrial Revolution • Depression of 1873 • European economies expanded 1850-73 • Technological advances lower food costs • Competition slows down economy • Bad investments cause banks to fail

  10. The Second Industrial Revolution • Middle Class (bourgeoisie) continues to expand • Rise of “white collar workers” (petite bourgeoisie)

  11. Upper Middle Class Society

  12. The Second Industrial Revolution • Urbanization continues late 19th century • Governments introduce urban planning

  13. Women in Late Nineteenth Century Europe • Still considered property of husbands and fathers • Educational opportunities finally available by late 1800s

  14. Women in Late Nineteenth Century Europe • Middle Class women • Cult of Domesticity • Middle class women begin to have fewer children

  15. English Middle Class Women

  16. Women in Late Nineteenth Century Europe • Rise of Women’s movement • Women demand reforms in public health and working conditions

  17. Women’s Suffrage Movement

  18. Jews in Late Nineteenth Century Europe • Discrimination against Jews for most of European history • “Emancipation” • Rise of Anti-Semitism • Zionist Movement

  19. Zionist Movement • Theodore Herzl, founder of the Zionist movement

  20. Workers in Late Nineteenth Century Europe • Workers demand better working conditions • Workers gain voting rights throughout most of Europe

  21. Reaction to Marxism • Marxism spreads throughout Europe • International Working Men’s Association • Calls for government ownership of industries

  22. Reaction to Marxism • Britain • Unions become legal in 1880s • Fabian Society

  23. Reaction to Marxism • France • Marxism a great influence on French labor movements • French workers resorted to strikes

  24. Reaction to Marxism • Germany • Social Democratic Party • Bismarck considered Social Democrats a threat • Social legislation passed in 1883

  25. German Socialists

  26. Reaction to Marxism • Russia • Industrialized much later than Western Europe • Absolute monarchy prevented necessary reforms • Rise of revolutionary movements

  27. Russian Society

  28. Reaction to Marxism • Lenin (1870-1924) • Original name Vladimir Ulyanov • Became leader of the Bolsheviks, a Marxist revolutionary group

  29. Lenin

  30. Reaction to Marxism • Russia • Revolution of 1905 • Government reforms

  31. Revolution of 1905

  32. Late 19th CenturyEuropean Thought • Science becomes dominant in European society • State becomes in charge of education

  33. Chemistry Class, 1899

  34. Late 19th Century European Thought • Culture • Art • Literature • Music • Philosophy

  35. Arearea, Paul Gauguin

  36. Conclusion • Industrialization continues to affect European society • Women begin to demand equal rights • Governments react to Marxism in different ways • Industrialization affects European culture