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Unit 2: Nervous System

Unit 2: Nervous System. Hearing Notes. (1) Ear Design. Ear is like a well designed funnel. Sound waves spiral down into auditory canal. Sound Waves smack against ear drum (tympanic membrane). (2) Vibrations. Sound Waves  Tympanic Membrane Eardrum literally like the leather on a drum

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Unit 2: Nervous System

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  1. Unit 2: Nervous System Hearing Notes

  2. (1) Ear Design • Ear is like a well designed funnel. • Sound waves spiral down into auditory canal. • Sound Waves smack against ear drum (tympanic membrane).

  3. (2) Vibrations • Sound Waves  Tympanic Membrane • Eardrum literally like the leather on a drum • T-Membrane  Hammer  Anvil  Stirrup • Hammer, Anvil and Stirrup are very small bones in inner ear • Stirrup  Oval Window  Inner Ear Fluid

  4. (3) Cochlea • Cochlea = Snail like structure in inner Ear. • Contains Organ of Corti: • Contains hearing receptors / hair cells • Hair cells stimulated by movement of Inner Ear Fluid • Basilar Membrane • Type of membrane on specific receptors • Responds to changes in pitch • Fluid  Receptors  Cochlear Nerve  Brain

  5. (4) Equilibrium & Balance • Your ears keep track of your body’s position. • Equilibrium receptors lie within the inner ear of your ears (Vestibular Apparati). • 2 Types of Equilibrium: • Static • Dynamic

  6. (5) Static Equilibrium • Head Balance • Static Receptors = Maculae: • On top of maculae lies the otolithic membrane (gel-like) • Head Moves  Otoliths Moves! • Movement of Otolithic  Receptor  Impulse to Vestibular Nerve & Brain • Tells your brain when your head is not upright.

  7. (6) Dynamic Equilibrium • Rotation & Angles of Head • Semicircular Canals of Cochlea: • Contain receptors = Crista Ampullari • Crista Ampullari contain receptor hairs, endolymph fluid and a capula cap • Body Movement  endolymph movement  Push on Capula Cap  Receptor Hairs  Vestibular Nerve & Brain

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTiGskc1o48

  9. (7) Motion Sickness • Inefficient dynamic equilibrium… • Semicircular Canals either too sensitive or too slow at sending messages • Too many visual messages • Too many inner ear messages • Visual conflicts with Inner Ear • Unique to each individual

  10. (8) Deafness • Deaf= Any hearing loss • Types: • Conduction • Sensorineural

  11. (9) Conduction Deafness • Something Blocks Tympanic Membrane • Sound Waves cannot reach Ear Drum + Inner Ear • Causes: • Ear Wax • Ruptured Ear Drum • Injured Hammer, Anvil and/or Stirrup • Usually Temporary, Solved by Surgery

  12. (10) Sensorineural Deafness • Damage to actual parts of ears: • Receptor Cells • Cochlea • Vestibular Nerve • Can be hereditary, damage from disease/virus, damage from loud noises • Often permanent

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