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Metabolic Engineering

Metabolic Engineering. Metabolic engineering is the science that combines systematic analysis of metabolic and other pathways to improve cellular properties by designing and implementing genetic modifications. Biochemical Pathways- Cellular Respiration.

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Metabolic Engineering

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  1. Metabolic Engineering Metabolic engineering is the science that combines systematic analysis of metabolic and other pathways to improve cellular properties by designing and implementing genetic modifications.

  2. Biochemical Pathways- Cellular Respiration • Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration both involves a series of chemical reactions that control the flow of energy. • In cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are used to provide the energy to sustain life. • Carbon-dioxide and water are released during this process.

  3. Cellular Respiration-Types • Aerobic Respiration- Process in the presence of oxygen. • Anaerobic Respiration- Process in the absence of oxygen.

  4. An overview of Aerobic Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis-Breakdown of Glucose into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm. • Kreb’s Cycle- Breakdown of Pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide inside the mitochondria. • The Electron-transport system(ETS)- ATP synthesis.

  5. Glycolysis- • Glyco=sugar; lysis=to split. • It is a series of enzyme-controlled, anaerobic reactions that takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. • Breakdown of 6-carbon sugar into 3-carbon pyruvic acid. • Energy is released to produce two ATP molecules.

  6. Kreb’s Cycle • It is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that takes place inside the mitochondrion. • Breakdown of pyruvic acid with the release of carbon-dioxide and 2 ATP.

  7. Electron Transport System-ETS • It is a series of enzyme-controlled reactions that converts the kinetic energy of hydrogen electrons to ATP. • The electrons are carried to the electron transport system from glycolysis and the kreb’s cycle as NADH and FADH. • Oxygen atoms attract two +ively charged hydrogen ions to form water.

  8. Summary- • Glucose enters glycolysis and is broken down as pyruvic acid( 2 ATP released) • Which enters the kreb’s cycle and pyruvic acid is broken and CO2 is released (2 ATP released) • The electrons are transferred to ETS and H2O is released (34 ATP) • 2ATP +2ATP+34ATP molecules=38ATP

  9. Basic Review 1. Cellular respiration process that do not use oxygen is called: • A. Anaerobic • B. Aerobic • C. Anabolic • D. Heterotrophic

  10. Answer 1. Cellular respiration process that do not use oxygen is called: • A. Aerobic • B. Anaerobic • C. Anabolic • D. Heterotrophic

  11. Question 2. The kreb’s cycle and ETS are biochemical pathways performed in which organelle? • Nucleus • Ribosomes • Chloroplast • Mitochondria

  12. Answer- 2.The kreb’s cycle and ETS are biochemical pathways performed in which organelle? • Nucleus • Ribosomes • Chloroplast • Mitochondria

  13. Question- 3. The positively charged hydrogen ions that are released from the glucose during cellular respiration eventually combines with____to form _______. • Another hydrogen, a gas • A carbon, carbon dioxide • An oxygen, water • A pyruvic acid, lactic acid

  14. Answer- 3. The positively charged hydrogen ions that are released from the glucose during cellular respiration eventually combines with____to form _______. • Another hydrogen, a gas • A carbon, carbon dioxide • An oxygen, water • A pyruvic acid, lactic acid

  15. Question- 4. Why don’t human muscle cells produce alcohol and carbon dioxide during anaerobic respiration? • We only carry aerobic respiration. • We do not have the genes to produce the enzymes needed to generate alcohol and CO2. • There is no way to destroy alcohol.

  16. Answer- 4.Why don’t human muscle cells produce alcohol and carbon dioxide during anaerobic respiration? • We only carry aerobic respiration. • We do not have the genes to produce the enzymes needed to generate alcohol and CO2. • There is no way to destroy alcohol.

  17. Question- 5. Which electron carrier releases the most potential during the ETS? • NADH • FAD • Oxygen • NAD

  18. Answer- 5. Which electron carrier releases the most potential during the ETS? • NADH • FAD • Oxygen • NAD

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