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### Exploring the Inner Planets: Mercury, Venus, and Mars ###

Dive into the fascinating characteristics of Mercury, Venus, and Mars, the inner planets of our solar system. Mercury, with its weak gravitational force and extreme temperatures, features numerous craters and evidence of tectonic activity. Venus, Earth's twin, is shrouded in sulfuric acid clouds, exhibiting extreme surface temperatures due to a potent greenhouse effect. Mars, the "Red Planet," showcases Earth-like traits, including seasonal changes and geological features such as canyons and volcanoes, as well as its thin carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. ###

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### Exploring the Inner Planets: Mercury, Venus, and Mars ###

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  1. The Inner Planets

  2. Mercury

  3. Small • Weak gravitational force • No atmosphere • Many craters

  4. Caloris Basin - one giant crater (1000 miles in diameter) • Many cliffs and peaks evidence of tectonic activity • Mean surface temp  442.5 K, ranges from 100 K to 700 K

  5. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/videos/Keplers_Laws_fullscreen.movhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/videos/Keplers_Laws_fullscreen.mov

  6. Venus Earth’s sister planet

  7. Covered with an opaque layer of highly reflective clouds of sulfuric acid • Surface temperatures high enough to melt lead.

  8. After the Moon, it is the brightest natural object in the night sky

  9. Orbits every 224.7 Earth days • Rotation is slow and retrograde, 243-day period • Time from one sunrise to the next is 117 Earth days

  10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VenusAnimation.ogg

  11. Radius is 95% of Earth's, and the density similar to Earth's, 80% • Liquid metal core similar to the Earth's

  12. Atmosphere • Thick, high pressure (90 atm) • Density 50 times greater than on Earth! • Made of CO2, N, with sulfuric acid clouds • Strong greenhouse effect

  13. Surface • 450°C (850°F) hot!! everywhere, always, including night time • Dry, dusty rocks, no water • May have had water in the past • Orange light, (atmosphere reflects mostly blue light)

  14. Phases of Venus

  15. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukPGqz4e_TY&feature=related

  16. Mars

  17. most ``earthlike'' • 1/2 size of Earth • 24h 37m day • thin atmosphere of 95% CO2 • much colder than Earth -- 187o K to 244o K (-123o F to -20o F ) • atmospheric pressure 0.7% of Earth's (equivalent to 100,000 ft altitude on Earth)

  18. tilted 25o ---> seasons • dust storms originally thought to be bands of vegetation ad irrigation canals built by Martians!

  19. http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/16067/Orson_Welles__War_Of_The_Worlds_Pt_2_7/http://www.disclose.tv/action/viewvideo/16067/Orson_Welles__War_Of_The_Worlds_Pt_2_7/

  20. clouds, sediment layers, canyons, landslides, sand dunes, enormous young volcanos as tall as 78,000 ft (flyby 1 and flyby 2)

  21. dry riverbeds (in older regions), evidence that liquid water once flowed • no water in liquid state now, all water frozen in ice caps/permafrost

  22. The "Red Planet”  iron oxide • Two moons, Phobos Deimos

  23. Surface features similar to Earth and the Moon

  24. Atmosphere • Carbon dioxide 95.32% • Nitrogen 2.7% • Argon 1.6% • Oxygen 0.13%

  25. Ice caps

  26. First fly-by • Mariner 3 (1965)

  27. http://www.hulu.com/watch/63307/cosmos-blues-for-a-red-planethttp://www.hulu.com/watch/63307/cosmos-blues-for-a-red-planet

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