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Kingdom: Protists

Kingdom: Protists. Characteristics. The MOST DIVERSE kingdom (the ‘junk’ kingdom) Type of cell : Eukaryotic Complexity : Mostly unicellular organisms (some may be multi-cellular) Nutrition : autotrophic or heterotrophic. Characteristics. Reproduction : asexual or sexual

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Kingdom: Protists

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  1. Kingdom: Protists

  2. Characteristics • The MOST DIVERSE kingdom (the ‘junk’ kingdom) • Type of cell: Eukaryotic • Complexity: Mostly unicellular organisms (some may be multi-cellular) • Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic

  3. Characteristics • Reproduction: asexual or sexual • Locomotion: may use flagella, cilia, or pseudopods to move around • Environment: found almost everywhere where there is water

  4. Amoebas • Characteristics: • # of Cells: unicellular • Nutrition: heterotrophic • Mobility: use pseudopodia to • move & ingest food (endocytosis) • Environment: live in soil, fresh & saltwater Amoeba Feeds

  5. Flagellates • Characteristics: • # of Cells: unicellular • Nutrition: heterotrophic • Mobility: flagella • Examples: dinoflagellates, euglena • (also photosynthetic), kinetoplastids

  6. Ciliates • Characteristics: • # of Cells: unicellular • Nutrition: heterotrophic • Mobility: cilia • Examples: paramecium

  7. Sporozoans • Characteristics: • # of Cells: unicellular • Nutrition: heterotrophic • Mobility: nonmotile • Form spores during their • reproduction cycle • Parasitic—all cause diseases

  8. Algae Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 • Characteristics: • # of Cells: unicellular or multi-cellular • Nutrition: autotrophic (photosynthetic) • Grouped according to their cell shape and what photosynthetic pigment they contain

  9. Algae Examples: Green algae: usually freshwater unicellular organisms; important producers for the ocean 2. Red algae: multicellular organisms found in warm ocean waters; very efficient at absorbing light in deep waters 3. Brown algae: multicellular organisms in saltwaters; among the largest organisms on earth (example: kelp forests)

  10. Diatoms Diatoms Clip • Characteristics: • # of Cells: unicellular • Nutrition: autotrophic • (photosynthetic) • Environment: abundant in oceans & lakes • Surrounded by shells (usually made of silica that have unique markings • Important producers in • ocean food webs

  11. Protistan Molds Section 19.1 Summary – pages 503-509 • Characteristics: • # of Cells: unicellular or multicellular • Nutrition: heterotrophic • Mobility: limited • Contain a cell wall- • (unlike true fungi, protistan molds do NOT contain • chitin in their cell walls!) • Examples: slime molds, water • molds, white rusts, downy mildew Slime Mold Clip

  12. Harmful Protists Many protists are pathogenic (cause disease) Examples: • African sleeping sickness—caused by a flagellate (trypanosoma) transmitted from the bite of a tsetse fly; causes fever, weakness, lethargy • Malaria: caused by a sporozoan (plasmodium) transmitted from the bite of an infected mosquito; causes fever, chills, sweats, confusion, and eventually death (if not treated)—one of the most deadly diseases in humans! (kills up to 3 million people every year) Other diseases: amebic dysentery, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis (diarrhea), cattle tick fever

  13. Beneficial Protists 1. Symbiotic relationships: Aid humans & animals in digestion (ie cows wouldn’t be able to digest cellulose from grass without their aid) 2. Photosynthesis: largest groups of photosynthesizers on the planet; very important to aquatic food webs 3. Decomposers: help recycle organic nutrients back into the soil

  14. Beneficial Protists Commercial Uses: 4. Diatoms can be used as an abrasive or to add the ‘sparkle’ to road paint; natural control for pests (abrasive shells cut into the body of pests) 5. Red algae used in making food and food additives (ie agar used to make gelatin capsules, to grow bacteria in petri dishes, to prevent baked goods from drying) 6. Carageenan (type of algae) used in paints, Dairy products (chocolate milk!), and cosmetics (to help stabilize ingredients)

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