Keys to solving the cloze test

1. Keys to solving the cloze test By Xie Xiang From Siyang Middle School

2. 完形填空考什么？ 命题意图： 考查学生基本能力;在语篇层面上考查常用词汇的准确、得体的应用。 1）阅读理解能力 2）词汇运用能力 完形填空的解题思路： 1）句子理解—考查单句语境中词语运用 2）上下文理解—考查并列句及复合句语境中词语的运用 3）段落理解—围绕段落主旨的段落语境中词语的运用 4）文章中心理解—围绕文章中心的文章整体语境中词语运用 选材：以夹叙夹议或叙述文为主，信息量大，情节曲折。 “2006年江苏卷完形填空的阅读量有所增加,生词量增大,长句增多,句式灵活,结构复杂;单纯语法考查减少,上下文联系考查力度加大;以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多；情景理解和语言运用的味道浓厚。” －南京市学科带头人．南京外国语学校吴伯兰语-------（《扬子晚报》 ４月５日Ａ４版－权威名师评说各科考试说明）

3. 实战中我们怎么样对待和把握解题要点？ 1.首先要以很快的速度浏览全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看选项。浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件等，即who，when，where，what, why, how。 完形填空第一句话为主题句或为下文提供重要信息,一般不挖空，目的是使读者进入语境，因此一定要认真阅读这句话,不可不读,不可不懂。例如：Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next﹖　　这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识，文中内容应与热涨冷缩的物理现象有关。2.根据故事情节的发展选词，确定所填的词与文中哪个词有关系以及动作是在什么场合发生的。例如：One night I was sitting in my kitchen half-listening as my 15-year-old brother Tommy antagonized(招惹）my 12-year-old brother Kevinup thestairs with the hurt on his face.A.charged B.climbed C.walked D.jumped这句话选自《英语周报》高三同步辅导版第15期的完形填空，根据故事情节，“我”弟弟Kevin是生气后猛冲上楼梯而常用的ＢＣＤ选项此时均不符合该场合，而选项Ａ．charged （charge的用法见P26SBI下册）既符合情节用词又贴切，故选Ａ Ａ 3.试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查。(“字面译、通逻辑、搞代入、全文译”)　具体操作中应注意以下问题：

4. 1.上下兼顾 前后照应 　　充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。例如： 1) __1__the daily cycle of sleeping and__2__,we also have other cycles which last longer than one day. (全国2000) 1.A.With B. As well asC. Except D. Rather than 2.A.working B.moving C.living D.waking B D as well as与 also相衔接，sleeping 与waking相反。故选B、D 2) Mrs O’Neill asked＿＿＿＿＿questionsand she didn’t scold us either.(２００５年湖南高考模拟） A. no B. certain C. many D. more A and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。

5. 2.顺乎逻辑 寻求搭配 　　注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。有时还要注意少数特殊动词后从句的谓语形式． １）Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself＿＿＿＿＿so much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of C 表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to…故答案为C。 Ｄ ２）When Ed first phoned and ______ we play, I…(2003全国) A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 根据后文的从句we play可判断此处为suggest的虚拟语气句型

6. 3.夯实基础 搞清差异 A Soon I heard a＿＿＿＿＿like that of a door burst inand then a climb of feet.（２００６北京东城区高考一模） A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但B，C，D项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而sound则表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是A 4.准确判断 慎用动词 And video cameras can be used to＿＿＿＿＿people’s actions at home. A. keep B. make C. record D. watch C 句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是C，意思是“记录”。

7. 5.查找暗示 事半功倍 It has been many years since I was last in London＿＿＿＿＿I still remember something that happened during that visit.（０５黄岗模拟） A. and B. for C. but D. as C 分析：根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but。 6.结合常识 不悖常理 (Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the＿＿＿＿＿hospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest D 在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。

8. 7、一词多义 依文辨义 例1：Dad taught me a lot about life, especially its hard times.  I remembered one of his  1   one night when I was ready to quit a political campaign I was losing, and wrote about it in my diary.     Tired, feeling the months of   2   , I went up to my study to make some notes.    1. A. classes  B. advice       C. lessons  D. talks    2. A. struggle  B. working    C. battle     D. defense Ｃ Ａ

9. 1.class（课\班级\阶级）advice（忠告\建议\不可数名词）lesson（课程\教训）talk（谈话\讲演)，根据短文中提供的信息，应该是作者准备退出一场失败了的政治活动时，想起父亲曾经给他的“教训”，所以1题的答c. lessons。 2. 题中选项 A. struggle意为“斗争\挣扎” ,B. working（工作\劳动)，C. battle是指大型战役中的小规模“战斗”。 D. defense（防卫\辩护）明显不合乎逻辑。作者在这次政治活动中经历了数月的艰辛，为争取某种权利而进行了艰苦的“斗争”，根据文章的情节线索我们可以确定最佳选项是A。这两个题的解决都借助了词义的辨析，同时也离不开对短文情节发展的把握。

10. 例2. She noticed how nervous he was and suggested he should stand near the stage where he could watch and follow the play.   It was a good    1    of getting rid of his nervousness, she said. She was right, it seemed to    2   .    1. A. idea        B. way      C. path        D. plan    2. A. do           B. win       C. work       D. act Ｂ Ｃ

11. 1.句中“她”注意到“他”很紧张，建议“他”观看表演以消除紧张。显然，“她”所建议的是一种消除紧张的“方法”。1题的四个选项A. idea（想法\意见） B. way（路线\方法) C. path（小路\路线) D. plan（计划\规划） 中只有B选项有此含义，无疑是最佳答案。紧接下来的一句话是“她说得对，这个方法似乎有效。” 2. 题中的四个选项A. do（做\尽力） B. win（获胜\夺得）C. work（工作\奏效,起作用） D.  act（行动\表演）中只有C选项有“奏效”这个含义，自然应该是最佳答案。这两个题的解答也是在考虑上下文的前提下，从词汇意义入手的。

12. 8、语境指挥 选项服从 例. I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was  1  and at the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad   2  a step and fell, sending my new suitcase   3   down the stairs. 1) A. helpless    B. lazy    C. anxious       D. tired  2) A. took   B. minded   C. missed        D. picked 3) A. rolling   B. passing   C. dropping  D. turning • I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was  1  and the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad   2  a step and fell, sending my new suitcase   3   down the stairs. 1) A. helpless    B. lazy    C. anxious       D. tired  2) A. took   B. minded   C. missed        D. picked 3) A. rolling   B. passing   C. dropping  D. turning  分析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知1题答案为D. tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；再从爸爸“提着两只衣箱跟在我后面”以及下文的信息词“fell”可知此句的意思是：爸爸少跨了一步摔倒了，衣箱滚下了楼梯。因此，尽管其它选项在语法上均无错误 2、3题的答案却分别为C、A。

13. 随堂操练 I、In England, you can also have summer in winter, _1__ have winter in summer. So in _2_ you can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes you should wear warm clothes.( )1.A.and B.or C.but D.so( )2.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter 1、分析前后两分句，它们之间仅是并列关系，没有“递进、因果、转折”之意，故选A。 2、 按常理，我们应当在夏天游泳，但英国气候复杂多变，有时“冬天”也可游泳，故选D。

14. II、Mark knelt down and helped the boy pick up these articles. __1__ they were going the same way, he helped to carry some of them for him.1.A. Although B. Since C. After D. UntilMany years ago, children who had good manners were seen and not heard. They kept ___2____if grown-ups(成年人) were talking. Today children have ____3____ freedom(自由).2.A.still B. excited C. silent D.dumbfounded(目瞪口呆)3.A.no B. more C. few D.little 1. B since “由于\既然”引导原因状语从句, although引导让步状语从句,after引导时间状语从句.2. 根据上文“children who had good manners were seen and not heard.”可判断出以前人们认为不发出声音的孩子是好孩子，“不出声”为“安静”，故选C .3.该句意为“当今孩子”与“过去孩子”作比较有了“---的自由”，比较四答案，只有B合适，故选B。

15. III、 The British love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases”and“thank yous”.Even the simplest business such as buying a train ticket requires_1_seven or eight of these.Another _2 _of our good manners is the queue.New-comers to Britain could be forgiven for think that queuing rather than football was the _3__national sport.Finally,of course,motorists generally stop at crossings.But do all these mean that the British should consider themselves more polite than theirEuropean neighbours?I think not.(上海2003B篇） 1.A.at least B.at most C.less than D.not more than 2.A.signal B.scene C.sign D.sight 3.A.true B.original C.superior D.advanced Ａ Ｃ Ａ 本篇介绍英国这个“礼仪之国”是如何表现他们的礼貌之举的，话题虽不是很新，但角度却很奇特。再者，西方文化礼仪知识是英语学习者不可缺少的 功课。文章首句说哪怕是买火车票这样的事，英国人至少说七、八个“谢谢”或“请”字，在第一题中，C.D意为“不到，只有”，不合题意；B则为“至多”也不合题意，故选A；第二题A为“信号”，B为“场景”，而D则为“景象，均不合题意，因为原句意为排队是英国人讲究礼仪的另一个”象征“，故选C；至于第三题，人们在没来英国之前都会认为足球是英国的国球，来到英国之后才发现，英国人排队之风盛行，远远超过足球．于是，初来乍到的人会把排队当成超过足球的一项真正的运动．虽略带夸张，但从文中也可窥见一斑，B为“原先的” ，C 为“高一档次的”，而选项D则为“高级的，先进的”，他们均不合题意，只能选A.

16. IV In this small town there was not a single man of importance who would dare to have a housekeeper younger than sixty, for fear of what people might say 1 . However, when I needed a housekeeper I chose a girl called Cathey, a lovely little girl of seventeen from a village 2 the coast. But I made my choice 3 . After a few days’ consideration over the matter and an early telephone call to her, I 4 out there one day in my Fiat when she was at home, and I had a look at the cottage and a talk with her mother over a 5 of teas, and after that I did not need anyone to say that she was 6 . I knew if there was anything Cathey did not do 7 , her mother would not 8 long to correct her. After that there was only one question to raise… (广东2005年高考卷B卷) ( )1. A. an inclusion B. a conclusion C. an exception D. an invention ( )2. A. up B. in C. to D. of ( )3. A. carelessly B. slowly C. doubtfully D. carefully ( )4. A. charged B. drove C. dashed D. rushed ( )5. A. cup B. couple C. several D. kettle ( )6. A. pretty B. clever C. fit D. busy ( )7. A. properly B. commonly C. secretly D. quickly ( )8. A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take C A D B B C A D

17. Summaries Three steps 1. Skimming: to enter the situation and get the general idea. (快/跳读) 2. Scanning: to think the situation over and try making choices. (精/细读) 3. Studying: to check the answers and make necessary changes. (研读)

18. Three tips 3. You are my shadow and I’m your shadow. We are under the same sun. 1. The situation calls for the choices while the choices follow the situation. 语境呼唤选项，选项追随语境。 2. Others appear to be right too, but you are my favorite. 其他似乎也对，但你是我的唯一。 你是我的影子，我是你的影子，只缘身在此山中。

19. Homework Please finish the cloze test on your homework paper ．(from No.9-20)

20. Good -bye 江苏省泗阳中学　　谢祥