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Canada Immigration CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORD SUN WOY DISTRICT Part I: 1885-June, 1903

Canada Immigration CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORD SUN WOY DISTRICT Part I: 1885-June, 1903. Presented by: Rudy Chiang 新會梅閣 蔣汶德 January 26, 2012. Acknowledgement. This study is possible thanks to the generous support and encouragement of : Professor Henry Yu for his electronic data on

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Canada Immigration CHINESE HEAD TAX RECORD SUN WOY DISTRICT Part I: 1885-June, 1903

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  1. Canada ImmigrationCHINESE HEAD TAX RECORDSUN WOY DISTRICT Part I: 1885-June, 1903 Presented by: Rudy Chiang 新會梅閣 蔣汶德 January 26, 2012 Updated: January 30, 2012

  2. Acknowledgement This study is possible thanks to the generous support and encouragement of : Professor Henry Yu for his electronic data on the Chinese Head Tax Register, 1885-1949 and Eleanor Yuen & Phoebe Chow whose Workshop on Taishan and Zhongshan Immigrants in North America provided a model for this study

  3. 新 Meaning New 會 Meaning Gathering 新會縣SUN WOYCOUNTY / DISTRICTorXINHUI Dialect Pronunciation SanVoy

  4. 新(San)會(Voy) OTHER SPELLINGS • San Ooi • SanWoi • SanWui • SanWae • SanWai • SanWay • SanWey • SanWoy • SangWoi • SenWay • SenWey • SenWeyh • SenWoy • SinWai • SinWay • SinWoi • SinWoy • SinWey • SinWui • SingWae • SingWoi • SunWae • SunWai • SunWay • SunWey • SunWoi • SunWoy

  5. 1897 Map of Sun Voy County

  6. 新會城 Sun Voy City

  7. 1741 Map of Sun Voy City Ho Chun 何村 Dai Jack 大澤 Sun Voy City 新會城 Tset Boo 七堡 Moy Kowk 三江 Chong Sar 長沙 Sui Hou 水口 Cooteung 古井 Moy Kowk 梅角

  8. COUNTY縣 CITY 城 TOWN 鎮TOWN 鎮TOWN 鎮 VILLAGE鄉 VILLAGE鄉 VILLAGE鄉 VILLAGE鄉 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 HAMLET 村 LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE LANE 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 閭里 ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY ALLEY 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 曲巷 County Hierarchy

  9. COUNTY縣 CITY 城 TOWN 鎮 VILLAGE 鄉 HAMLET 村 LANE 里 ALLEY 巷 County Hierarchy

  10. Chew Gou District 潮居都

  11. SUNVOY 新會 TOWNS鎮

  12. Trip Manifest & Headtax Paid by Sun Voy Pioneers , 1885-1903 64% of the Sun Voy Poineers Came from 3 Towns

  13. DISTRICT: SUN WOY COUNTY新會縣 Pioneers from three Towns accounted for 64% of the arrivals, 1885-1903: Towns 鎮 Trips %_ Sartuey沙堆鎮 1,739 24% Cooteung古井鎮 1,718 24% NgaiMun崖門鎮 1,158 16% • They paid a total of $262,460 • Sun Woy County Total @ $401,746

  14. 64% of Sun Voy Pioneers came from these two areas 古井 Cooteung 崖門 Ngai Mun 崖西 Ngai Sai 沙堆 SarTuey 梅閣 Moy Gock

  15. 那伏 NoFok 48% of the Head Tax records from Sun Voy were contributed by young men from this small island 古井 Cooteung 沙角 Sar Gok 崖西 Ngai Sai 沙堆 SarTuey 崖門 Ngai Mun 梅閣 Moy Gock

  16. Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers 1885-1903

  17. Arrival Age of Sun Voy Pioneers 1885-1903 Observations • Most pioneers arrived at Age 20 • The biggest age group was 20 - 24 Postulate • Most young men came at age 20 – 24 • Arrivals after age 30 were likely residents returning from a home visit to China

  18. 新會縣抵加人數 1885- June, 1903

  19. 1885-June, 1903 年 華裔抵加人數 與 新會縣抵加人數 此較

  20. Sun Voy Pioneers, By Occupation1885-1903

  21. Sun Voy PioneersLabourer Profile1885-1903 Among the 5,477 declared labourers • Average Age 28.7 • Median Age 27.0 • Mode 20 • No. @ Age 20 484 • Youngest Age 8 • Oldest Age 63

  22. Sun Voy Pioneers, 1885-1903Female Profile Only 39 Females Landed • Median Age 24 • Age Range 3–48 • Age 3 to 12, Count 11 Occupation • Housewifes 18 • Daughters / Students 4 • Servents / Labourer / Laundry 8 • Seamstress 3

  23. Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village, 1885-1903

  24. Cannery Trade Sun Voy Pioneers by Village, 1885-1903

  25. Pioneers from Villages of Sartuey Township, 1885-1903

  26. Pioneers from Villages of Coo Tueng T0wnship, 1885-1903

  27. Pioneers from Villages of Ngai Mun Township, 1885-1903

  28. Pioneers from Villages of Sam Kong 三江 Township, 1885-1903

  29. Pioneers from Villages of Dai Jack 大澤Township, 1885-1903

  30. Pioneers from Villages of Mook Jew & Song Shui Township, 1885-1903

  31. Pioneers from Villages of Law Hing & Sue Chin Township, 1885-1903

  32. Pioneers from Villages of Gong Mon & Ngau Wan Township, 1885-1903

  33. Pioneers from Villages of Other Townships, 1885-1903

  34. 1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之 Pow Chee 鮑熾 Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌

  35. 1903 Leong Kai Chew’s America Tour Mar. 3, 1903 Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 and his entourage arrived at Vancouver as tourists, on MV. Empress of India: • Leong Kia Chew 梁啟超 age 30, 5ft 5in, of Senwey 新會 [茶坑], boarded from Yokohama 橫濱 His entourage boarded from Hong Kong • Wong Wai Chee 黃慧之 age 24, 5ft 5.5in, of Yokohama • Pow Chee 鮑熾 age 46, 5ft 4in, of Hung San 香山 • Pow Man Cheong 鮑文昌 age 17, of Yokohama Their $100 Head Tax was refunded on Mar. 15 Immigration file: MicrofilmC9512e0060668

  36. VisitofKang Yu Wei 康有為 KangYuWei 康有為 Li Yung

  37. 1899 “Diplomatic” Visit of Kang Yu Wei • June – Sept., 1898Wushu Reform 戊戌變法 • KangYuWei 康有為 and his secretary Li Yung arrivedinVictoriaonApril7,1899 • They were registeredon April12,1899 • KangYuWei,age42,5ft2in, of Nan Hoy 南海 diplomatic corps, exempted from Head Tax • LiYang,age27,5ft3.5in,Nan Hoy,secretary, exempted from Head Tax • They boarded the MV Igumi Maru at Yokohama, Japan • Immigration file: MicrofilmC9512e0060666

  38. Summary Most pioneers first arrived at Age 20 The bulk of them came between 20 - 24 Most came as labourers (5,477 ) Other occupation groups, other than clergy or actors, best represent returnees from China 48%of Sun Voy pioneers came from a small island where CooTeung town古井鎮 & Sartuey town沙堆鎮 are located 16% of the pioneers came from Ngai Mun town 崖門鎮 which lies across the water

  39. Further Studies Observations • The Year of Registration represents the date when Head Tax was assessed (upon or after landing) • Year of Arrival represents the date when the passenger first landed • The digital record for Year of Arrival must be verified for accuracy and errors • Grouping by Townships 鎮 or Administration Regions 區 changes with time. • The assignment of villages to Townships in this study should be verified for accuracy

  40. ReferenceSites • Library and Archives Canada www.collectionscanada.gc.ca • Immigrants from China, 1885 -1949 ww.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/chinese-immigrants/index-e.html • Census of Canada, 1871 www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/census-1871/index-e.html • Census of Canada, 1881 • Census of Canada, 1891 • B.C. Archives search.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/sn-5B5E0F9/gbsearch

  41. References • Multicultural Canada Chinese Times 大漢公報 1914-1992 www.multiculturalcanada.ca/node/31107 • The Chung Collection chung.library.ubc.ca/collection/details/6000 • National Digital Library of China 中國國家數字圖書館 方誌 res4.nlc.gov.cn/home/search.trs?method=advSearch&resourceid=7 • 1901 Census records for NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C. automatedgenealogy.com/census/District.jsp?id=2 • New Westminster Public Library, Heritage and Local History nwheritage.org

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