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WP 2: Optimisation of oil-rich crops primary processing Deliverable D 2.2

WP 2: Optimisation of oil-rich crops primary processing Deliverable D 2.2 Valorisation of side-stream products (SSRP) obtained during refining of vegetable oils. dr. ir. Camelia Echim Prof. dr. ir. Roland Verhé Prof. dr. ir. Christian Stevens

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WP 2: Optimisation of oil-rich crops primary processing Deliverable D 2.2

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  1. WP 2: Optimisation of oil-rich crops primary processing Deliverable D 2.2 Valorisation of side-stream products (SSRP) obtained during refining of vegetable oils dr. ir. Camelia Echim Prof. dr. ir. Roland Verhé Prof. dr. ir. Christian Stevens ~Workshop Foggia, 23-26th April, 2009~

  2. Vegetable oils composition: • Sterols (free, esterified) FFA • Tocopherols, tocotrienols Minor compounds • Color pigments Glycerides • Squalene, phosholipids, • metals etc. Foggia 23-26 th April 2009

  3. Refining process of vegetable oils (NBD) (RBD) Foggia 23-26 th April 2009

  4. Typicalcompositionof the SSRPs Foggia 23-26 th April 2009

  5. Applications of the SSRPs Foggia 23-26 th April 2009

  6. Production of biodiesel/biofuel fromSSRPs Foggia 23-26 th April 2009

  7. Estimates for the production of SSRPs *Source: Malaysian Palm Oil, 2007 **DD=1.2 x FFA of crude oil (Vries RJ, 1984) #AO=1.7 x FFA of crude oil (Vries RJ, 1984) ***SS= 2 x AO PO=100%RBD SBO, RSO= 50%RBD+50%NBD SFO=75%RBD+25%NBD Foggia 23-26th April 2009

  8. Biodiesel production scheme for soapstock (SS) and acid oil (AO) • Chemically or enzymatically catalysed processes • Incomplete conversion => -pre-treatment • soap-splitting and/or • hydrolysis or • drying/filtration or • transesterification -post-treatment • distillation SOAPSTOCK (FFA, acylglycerol, etc) Hydrolysis Drying and/or filtration Soap-splitting (AO) Transesterification Hydrolysis Esterification Esterification Esterification Distillation Distillation BIODIESEL BIODIESEL BIODIESEL via direct conversion via hydrolysis route via soap-splitting route EN14214: YES NOT NOT YES

  9. Biodiesel production scheme for acid oil (AO) via acylglycerol route • Chemically catalysed process or non-catalytic process • Incomplete conversion => -post-treatment • distillation EN14214: YES

  10. Biodiesel production scheme for deodorizer distillates by direct conversion • Chemically or enzymatically catalysed process • Incomplete conversion => -pre-treatment • hydrolysis -post-treatment • transesterification or distillation EN14214: YES YES NOT

  11. Biodiesel production scheme for deodorizer distillate via acylglycerol route • Enzymatically catalysed process or non-catalytic process • Incomplete conversion => -post-treatment • distillation EN14214: YES NOT

  12. Case study 1FACT (Fatty Acid Conversion Technology)* • STAND ALONE PROCESS • For high acidity feedstocks • (fatty acid distillates) • Chemically catalysed process (heterogenesous catalyst, 90°C, 3.5 bar) • To produce biofuels • To produce biodiesel according to EN14214 by distillation of FAME *F. Soragna, Desmet Ballestra Group (2008, 2009)

  13. Case study 2FACT (Fatty Acid Conversion Technology)* • INTEGRATED PROCESS • For medium/high acidity feedstocks • Chemically catalysed process (heterogenesous catalyst, 90°C, 3.5 bar) • Integrated transesterification step • To produce biofuels • To produce biodiesel according • to EN14214 *F. Soragna, Desmet Ballestra Group (2008, 2009)

  14. References: • Vries RJ (1984) Utilization of Malaysian Palm oil and Palm Kernel Oil for fatty acids and derivatives. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 61 (2): 404-407. • Malaysian Palm Oil. Fact sheets (2007). Malaysian Palm Oil Council and Malaysian Palm Oil Board: 2-63. • EN 14214:2003. Automotive Fuels - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) for Diesel Engines - Requirements and Test Methods. • Soragna F. (2008) Alternative routes to process low quality raw materials to produce biodiesel. Biofuel. 3 rd Annual meeting 28-30 October, Berlin. • Soragna F. (2009)New Desmet Ballestra FACT (Fatty Acids Conversion Technology), personal communication. Foggia 23-26 th April 2009

  15. Conclusions • There are multiple routes to converting the SSRPs to biodiesel, some of which have found industrialapplication and others have a scientific value. • There is a general trend to pre-treat the soapstock before converting it to FAME, either by acidulation, in order to generate AO (soap-splitting route) or by hydrolysis of neutral oil (hydrolysis route). • Starting from deodorizer distillate two processes (direct conversion or via acylglycerols route) are shown to produce biodiesel. • Pre-treatment of the feedstock or post-treatment of the final biodiesel is often required in order to meet the quality specifications. • Using a combination of technologies, low-value lipid resources are converted into biodiesel that complies with the EU and ASTM specifications.

  16. Thank you for your attention!! Foggia 23-26th April 2009

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