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Evolution of NSS Surveys on Service Sector in India

This presentation by S.K. Mukhopadhyay discusses the importance of the service sector in India and the evolution of NSS surveys on the service sector. It covers the different phases of surveys conducted, their objectives, methodology, and the economic and operational characteristics estimated. The presentation also highlights the coverage of informal sector enterprises and the use of survey data for planning and decision making.

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Evolution of NSS Surveys on Service Sector in India

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  1. Service Sector Surveys conducted by NSSO in the past and the latest survey during 2016-17A presentation byS. K. MukhopadhyayDirector National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)Survey Design and Research Division (SDRD)

  2. Importance of Service Sector in India • Service Sector encompasses a diverse domain of economic activities, sizes and operational characteristics of units. • Out of 21 sections of ISIC, service sector has 13 sections • 27% of workforce (as per NSS survey on Employment and Unemployment conducted during 2011-12) • 44 million unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises and 75 million workers in these enterprises (73rd round: 2015-16)

  3. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution • NSS surveys on services sector can be split in three different phases: • Phase I: Prior to 1977: Household based non-agricultural activities • Phase II: 1977 to 2007: Follow-up surveys covering household and non-household enterprises of Economic Census • Phase III: After 2007 present phase: (i) Unincorporated enterprises, (ii) Survey of Services Sector • Economic Census (EC) is the complete count of all establishments (i.e. units engaged in production and/ or distribution of goods and services not for the purpose of sole consumption). • To provide: • an up to date ‘area frame’ containing information on number of establishments and number of workers by industry, by type of ownership of the establishments, etc. at the village/block level, • from which sample villages/blocks could be drawn as the primary sampling units for collecting detailed information about the establishments in the follow-up sample surveys..

  4. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution: Prior to 1977 • 1st round of NSSO (July, 1949 to June, 1950): Covered cottage industries, crafts and any trade, business. • Integrated surveys during 1964 to 1970: Covering (i) household enterprise, (ii) consumption and (iii) capital formation and saving. • Consider 29th round of NSS: 1974-75 • Coverage: Small Scale Manufacture and Repair Services (Non-registered), Transport, Trade, Hotels And Restaurants, Services and Construction, Mining And Quarrying

  5. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution: Prior to 1977 • Selection of First Stage Units: Probability proportional to size (a measure  of population) • Selection of Households: linear systematic sampling • Sample Size: 13384 FSU, 240,000 households (12 enterprise per FSU in rural areas and 28 to 30 enterprise per FSU in urban area) • Sample design: Stratified two-stage: first-stage units were 1971 census villages in rural areas and urban blocks in urban areas. The second stage units are  households for the socio-economic enquiries.

  6. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution: Prior to 1977 • Drawback of the surveys during phase I: • The household approach of identifying the units excluded the non-household based units:cooperative societies, trusts, SHGs, etc. • Information on areas with a concentration of enterprises was not available. This was felt necessary for ensuring an efficient sampling for the future surveys.

  7. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution (1977 to 2007) • A series of Economic Censuses were conducted by NSSO as follows: • In 1977, the first Economic Census • In 1980, second Economic Census • In 1990, third Economic Census • In 1998, fourth Economic Census • In 2005, fifth Economic Census • In 2013-14, sixth Economic Census

  8. Follow-up Surveys on Economic Census • Since the first Economic Census (EC) conducted in 1977, NSSO has been conducting follow-up surveys of ECs on periodic basis. • So far there are 14 follow up surveys on non-agricultural enterprises were conducted. • The first was the survey on ‘Unorganised Manufacture-Non Directory Establishments and Own Account Enterprises’ conducted during 33rd Round (1978-79) and the latest on Unincorporated Non-Agricultural Enterprises (excluding Construction) conducted during NSS 73rd Round (2015-16). • These Surveys covered different sectors of unorganised/ unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises such as Manufacturing, Trade and other Services.

  9. NSS surveys on Service Sector

  10. NSS surveys on Service Sector

  11. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution (1977 to 2007) • Objective: To estimates economic and operational characteristics. • Economic characteristics: average no. of workers, fixed assets, outstanding loans, total receipts, total operating expenses and gross value added. • Operational characteristics: ownership, nature of operation, location, status of registration, etc. • Use: These economic and operational indicators are required for planning, policy and decision making at various levels, both within the government and outside.

  12. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution (1977 to 2007) • Informal sector enterprises in NSS 55th round during 1999 to 2000 • All non-agricultural enterprises with type of ownership as either ‘proprietary’ and ‘partnership’. • The survey covered all informal non-agricultural enterprises other than those covered under (i) ‘mining & quarrying’, (ii) ‘electricity, gas & water supply’, (iii) ‘Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security’, (iv) ‘Private Households with Employed Persons’, (v) ‘Extra Territorial Organizations and Bodies’. • 28 million enterprises in service sector employing 47 million workers

  13. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution (1977 to 2007) • The 57th round (2001-02) covered broadly all unorganised service sector enterprises engaged in the activities • hotels and restaurants; transport, storage and communication; real estate, renting and business activities ; education; health and social work; and other community, social and personal service activities (excluding trade and finance). • Important Estimates: 14 million enterprises employing 27 million workers

  14. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Phases of evolution (1977 to 2007) • The 63rd round (2006-07): FEATURES • Two frames : List frame and Area frame. • A list of about 1000 service sector companies was used as list frame. Out of these 438 were surveyed. • Area frame covered 14000 FSUs surveying 189,844 units.

  15. Fine tuning made in design of the survey • Allocation of First Stage Units: Total FSUs to be surveyed were allocated to the rural and urban areas in proportion to the number of workers in service sector enterprises as per EC (for example in 63rd round according to EC '98) engaged in the activities under coverage of the survey. • Formation of sub-stratification using information on number of hired worker in different types of services sector enterprises • Selection of FSUs for better representation: FSUs were selected generally using PPS with size as workers.

  16. Fine tuning made in design of the survey • Widening the coverage by inclusion of different types of service sector enterprises. • Special effort to capture bigger service sector enterprises • Formation of special stratum one each for Rural and Urban sector at the State level consisting of all the FSUs of the State / UT having at least one big unit or having a large number of workers engaged in the same activity. • Introduction of List Frame to supplement the Area Frame: during 2006-07

  17. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Present phase (after 2007) • Two surveys during 2010-11 (67th round) and 2015-16 (73rd round) • Unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises in manufacturing, trade and other service sector (excluding construction) • Coverage is of the entire unincorporated part of the economy (except construction) • Proprietary and partnership enterprises, Trusts, Self-help groups (SHGs), Non-Profit Institutions (NPIs), etc. • Sample size: nearly 16000 First Stage Units • Sampling fraction: nearly 1.5%

  18. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Present phase (after 2007)

  19. NSS surveys on Service Sector:Present phase (after 2007) • Information on number of workers in 5th Economic Census (2005) and 6th Economic Census (January 2013- April 2014) were generally used in 67th round and 73rd round respectively for: • allocation of sample size to different domains • for formation of sub-stratum • From each stratum/sub-stratum, required number of sample FSUs were selected generally by PPSWR size being the total number of non-agricultural workers under coverage

  20. Some Features of the Survey of Unincorporated Enterprises in 2010-11 and 2015-16 • Formation of special segment: • All the non-agricultural enterprises having 20 or more workers and having operated for at least one day during last 365 days was listed to constitute a separate segment in the FSU. All the enterprises under the coverage in this segment were surveyed. • 19 Second Stage Stratum were formed in NSS 67th round with allocation of 44 units per FSU (surveyed 21 enterprises per FSU) • 16 second-stage strata were formed within each sample FSU in 73rd round 32 units per FSU.

  21. Some results from the latest survey: 2015-16

  22. Some results from the latest survey: 2015-16

  23. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round) • The National Statistical Commission decided that the 74th Round (2016-17) of NSS would be an establishment focused survey on services sector, which would form a prelude to the Annual Survey on Services Sector. • This is a first survey of its kind covering large business establishments of services sector using list frame. • The survey aims at meeting emerging data demand of the services sector, on the lines similar to Annual Survey of Industries that is primarily focussed on manufacturing sector. The Government of India through a resolution dated 1st June, 2005 set up the National Statistical Commission (NSC) with a mandate to evolve policies, priorities and standards in statistical matters.

  24. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round) • Coverage:Starting from Section ‘G’ (Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles) onwards of NIC, 2008 except Financial Sector (Section ‘K’). • Included: • Co-operative Societies • Non-profit Institutions • Trusts • Other enterprises with ten or more workers

  25. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round) • Exclusion: • Government Enterprises /PSU • Air Transport • Financial and insurance • Private Money Lenders • Self Help Groups (SHG)

  26. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round) • Important aspects of the survey: • Sampling Frame: List frame based survey • 6th EC Economic Census (EC) and Business Register (BR): list of establishments with 10 or more workers • Ministry of Corporate Affairs: List of active enterprises under the coverage of Service Sector • Unit of survey: Enterprises • Data Collection: It is a ‘statutory survey’ and is conducted according to the Collection of Statistics Act, 2008. • Method of data collection: Record based

  27. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round) • Selection of Units • Complete Enumeration and Sampling • Sampling: • EC and BR frame: In each stratum, units were arranged by number of workers and required number of units were selected by CSS • MCA frame: Within each stratum/sub-stratum, companies were arranged in order of their revenues and samples were drawn following CSS

  28. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round)

  29. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round) • Reference period: • The reference period is the year commencing from 1st April 2015 and ending on 31st March 2016 or the accounting year of the enterprise ending on any date between 01.04.2015 to 31.03.2016. • Survey Period: The actual survey period was from the month of October 2016 to June 2017 • Coverage: Units engaged in market production and in non-market production

  30. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round)

  31. Beginning of a new era: Survey during 2016-17(74th round) • Important parameters to be estimated: • Operational Characteristics of Enterprises in the Services Sector: • estimated number of enterprises, • workers, • emoluments, • use of ICT • type of organisation/type of registration, • Economic Characteristics of Enterprises in the Services Sector: • fixed assets, • depreciation, • value of input, • value of output, • export and import of services • GVA /NVA.

  32. THANKS

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