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P.K. Krishnakumar; Mohammed Qurban; Joydas & K.P. Manikandan

MONITORING THE IMPACT OF DESALINATION PLANT DISCHARGE ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEDURES & PROTOCOLS. P.K. Krishnakumar; Mohammed Qurban; Joydas & K.P. Manikandan Centre for Environment & Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals , Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

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P.K. Krishnakumar; Mohammed Qurban; Joydas & K.P. Manikandan

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  1. MONITORING THE IMPACT OF DESALINATION PLANT DISCHARGE ON MARINE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEDURES & PROTOCOLS P.K. Krishnakumar; Mohammed Qurban; Joydas & K.P. Manikandan Centre for Environment & Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

  2. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING? • A science-based tool that can detect and measure changes in the ecosystems (i.e., receiving environments) potentially affected by human activity (i.e., effluent discharges). • Required by law and helps to assess the adequacy of the effluent & discharge regulations for protecting the environment (Compliance). • An interactive system of monitoring to assess the effectiveness of environmental management measures. • An assessment tool to determine the sustainability of human activities on ecosystem health.

  3. DESALINATION PLANT DISCHARGE Heat / Power Screening,Filtration Desalination Plant DirectDischarge Seawater Intake Addition of Chemicals (Anti-Scaling , Anti-Foaming, Anti-Corrosion, Desinfection etc). • Discharge of hot brine with high salt concentration to the sea • Chemical additives and biocides in the discharge

  4. IMPACT ON RECEIVING WATER • Salinity increase • Temperature increase • Decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) • Toxicity (chlorine, trace metals etc.)

  5. WHAT SHOULD THE STUDY EXAMINE?

  6. MONITORING STATION PATTERN- EXAMPLE 13 Ecological Study Stations Water/Sediment- Stations 12 14 9 Far Field 10 8 7 Water Current Near Field (Mixing Zone) 15 11 6 4 5 OUTFALL Coral Reef 3 1 2 SHORE Seagrass Seagrass (Distance is not as per scale)

  7. MONITORING- WATER QUALITY • Effluent Quality: • Temperature, • Salinity, • TDS, • Dissolved Oxygen, • pH • Toxicity etc. • Receiving Water Quality: • Temperature, • Salinity, • TDS, • Dissolved Oxygen, • pH, • Turbidity, • Contaminants (metals)

  8. MONITORING- PLANKTON • Plankton • Phytoplankton • Zooplankton • Productivity or Chlorophyll a • Abundance, biomass & diversity USING PLANKTON NET PHYTOPLANKTON ZOOPLANKTON

  9. MONITORING- SEDIMENT & BENTHOS • Sediment quality • Grain size • Salinity • Contaminants • Benthic Organisms • Abundance • Biomass • Biodiversity Sediment & Benthos Sampling Macro-Benthos 1 2 3 4

  10. ECOSYSTEM MONITORING • Health of Ecosystem • Mangroves • Seagrass • Coral Reef • Salt Marsh, Lagoons etc. • Study components • % Live Cover • Abundance • Biomass • Biodiversity etc. Salt Marshes Mangroves Seagrasses Coral reefs

  11. ECOSYSTEM MONITORING Cont.. ROV • Long term & Seasonal • SCUBA Diving • Snorkeling • Transect Survey • Biotope mapping • Visual Inspection • Survey using ROVs ROV SCUBA Diving Reef Fish Seagrass Reef Fish Turtle

  12. MONITORING- FISH & FISHERIES • Experimental Fishing • Trends in fish catch • Fish abundance & biomass • Biodiversity • Adult-Juvenile ratio • Bioaccumulation Catch Sorting & Taking Measurements Fishing Fish Catch Shrimp Fish

  13. BIOACCUMULATION STUDY USING BIVALVES • Deploy bivalves using net or cages near the marine outfall locations. • After few months, remove & analyze the tissue for contaminants and assessing “Biomarkers” levels. Oysters Mussels Clams Using net for Deployment Bivalve deployment design Removing bivalve tissue for analysis

  14. AUTOMATIC MONITORING USING BUOYS • Buoys typically consists of several components, including a buoy platform, data logger, solar power, telemetry equipment, mooring hardware, temperature string, sondes and various sensors. • It provides real time & continuous data on water quality. Array of buoys

  15. IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING STUDIES • Compliance Status: To find out whether conforming to the national/international standards or rules. • Environmental Risk Assessment: Identification of risks related to discharge for management actions. • Environmental Auditing: Performance evaluation of the plant. • Conservation and Protection: To conserve the marine living resources. • Social Commitment: Sustainable use of natural resources.

  16. THANK YOU

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