1. FILM: Digital actor simulations, characters and animations

2. Film is… A series of images projected on screen in a speed so fast the images are in motion. Hence the alternative titles “motion picture” or ‘MOVE-y’ (Movie).

3. How digital Cinema works Digital cinema is just a new form to show and film new movies. Instead of chemicals being used on film, bits and bytes are used instead to record, transmit and replay. It works faster and cheaper for the movie-makers. Specialised digital camcorders is made to shoot like film cameras. Normal camcorders shoot interlaced fields at 30 frames per sec. whereas Film cameras shoot complete frames at 24 frames per sec. Another difference is the image quality. This Sony HDW-F900 HDCAM camcorders with high-end Pan vision lenses can shoot both

4. Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are used to convert incoming light from a scene into an electronic signal, and an analog-to-digital converter to turn this signal into a stream of 1s and 0s. Inside the camera, a beam splitter separates the light into red, green and blue light. The camera records each color of light with a separate CCD to capture the full color range. When you recombine these colors, you retrieve the full color image. Low-end camcorders use a single CCD to capture all colors of light, which gives a good image.

5. http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/digitalimaging/concepts/ccdanatomy.htmlhttp://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/digitalimaging/concepts/ccdanatomy.html

6. Digital video technology and compression Compression is the conversion of data into a format that requires fewer bits, so that data can be stored or transmitted more efficiently. This is reversible, however Lossy data compression, usually affects Images. -Example on Left. The better the redundancy within the data, the more successful the compression of the data. Digital video contains a great deal of redundancy and thus is very suitable for compression. 12,249 bytes 1,869 bytes.

7. The development of lossy data compression specifically for Images have contributed greatly to the realisation of digital video applications. E.g. Video conferencing, live access to content and HD-TV based cinema. There are three main Compression techniques used for digital video: • General purpose compression techniques can be used for any kind of data. • Intraframe compression techniques work on images. • Interframe compression techniques work on image sequences rather than individual images.

9. Animations Animations are sequences of Images or cartoons displayed one after another. There are eight different animation techniques that are used. These are: • Object animation –basically a puppet animation; filming object and sending them through the process of pixilation. • Pinscreen – a white screen that is pierced by hundreds of thousands of pins that can slide back and forth, in its own hole. When lit from the side, each pin casts a shadow, and when all the pins are pushed out, there is total darkness and vice versa. But when pins are pushed in, their shadows are shorter, and the black become grey. • Paper cut outs- the cheapest for of animation, this is when you cut out characters and move them on a background to form a shadow.

10. Rotoscope- Painting, drawing or overlaying images on to the frames of the movie • Animation stand- is a camera that can move up and down to film animations, the paper cut outs needs this. • Pixilation- used to blend live actors with animated ones • Computer animation- when you use a computer to produce a animation frame by frame sequence. Tweening is essential to this. • Animated drawings- When you draw the same character on different pages of paper with different positions. • Drawing and etching- When you draw and etch directly onto film

11. Behind the scenes of ‘The Incredibles’ The Greatest Challenges faced by the animators when creating the movie were: • Simulating the movement of cloth and hair • Simulating every human aspect • Making simulations very realistic • Muscle movement • Character movement • Being Simple (Simplicity didn’t not work it had to be complex) • Light and shadow on the skin • Clothing change and the behaviour of clothes

12. Simone –the virtual actress The Film Simone was about a virtual actress. Simone was kept a secret for so long because it made her avoidance made her more famous and popular to the people. The advantage for Al Pacino for using a virtual actress was so that he could edit and manipulate Simone in anyway he wanted to in the film. He could adjust the amount of tears Simone had and have additions to her face and clothes as well.

13. Areas of Impact Disadvantages: The price to watch the movie will be the same for the consumers Technology changes the role of actors Higher expectations on films Advantages: Digital Cinema is cheap (long-term) for the movie makers and producers Better quality films Good reputation for the production company Creativity can be expressed to a greater extent STAKEHOLDERS: • Movie-makers • Movie-viewers • Actors • Production company.

14. Social Impacts Economically- Digital Cinema is beneficial for the movie industry as movie-makers are using a device that is efficient and cheap to use, which means more dividend for the movie industry. Legally – Films and other visual/audio content is constantly being shared over the internet. A man in Hong Kong was fined and sent to jail for distributing Daredevil, Red Planet and Miss Congeniality illegally. However the file sharing rate did not decrease.

15. Psychological- Movies are fictional. They could be based on a true story but what happens in the movie isn’t real. People may think that it is real.Like how children thought they could really fly after they saw superman For example, Pixar Animation ‘Finding Nemo’. In Disney land there is a projection of the character Crush the sea turtle in the tank. Through Voice recognition and animation this turtle can have a conversation with you. The children may think it’s real.

16. Glossary • Morph – Morphing is when you transform e.g. a Bat into a Vampire. • Tweening – Tweening is an animation technique that fills in the frames from the starting shape to the ending shape (back) • Redundancy- Some Elements within data that are more common than others and most compression algorithms utilize this property. (back) • Lossy data Compression- the more you copy an Image and/or compress it, clarity is lost everytime (back)

17. Bibliography • http://howstuffworks.com • http://www.nfb.ca/animation/objanim/en/index.php?PHPSESSID=5d656b67e7e521a7bccec4be5fb9d829 • The Incredibles Movie • Simone Movie • http://answers.com