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Understanding Taxonomy: How Scientists Classify Living Things

This lesson delves into the science of taxonomy, the method by which scientists classify and identify living organisms. Using a systematic approach, we illustrate how organisms are grouped into seven categories, starting broad and narrowing down to become increasingly specific. The concept of binomial nomenclature is explained with examples like Homo sapiens, highlighting the importance of genus and species in classification. We also explore the five kingdoms of life, their characteristics, and the distinction of viruses as non-living entities, enhancing our understanding of biodiversity.

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Understanding Taxonomy: How Scientists Classify Living Things

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  1. Life ScienceUnit 1 Chapter 4 Lesson 2 How Scientists Order Living Things

  2. How do we find a student? • How would you give a new exchange student directions to get to see you at the Academy?

  3. Narrowing it Down • When giving directions, we start with a large and broad direction such as fly to Pittsburgh • As the directions get closer to you, they get more specific

  4. How does this apply to Taxonomy? • Scientist use a “Map” to help classify and identify animals • All living things are classified under 7 categories • Each category gets more specific as it gets to the last step

  5. What’s in a Name? • We identify a living thing by binomial nomenclature with is the Genus then Species • Example: Homo Sapien • Homo is the Genus • Sapien is the Species

  6. Speciation • Species- A group of organisms that can mate with each other • If they can mate and produce fertile offspring they are put into the same species • If they cannot produce fertile offspring, they cannot be classified as the same species • Example: Mule, Hinny, Liger

  7. Kingdoms • There are five kingdoms we use in the modern classification system • 1. Kingdom Plantae- includes all green plants • Examples: Blue Spruce, Fern, Ginko, Grass, Moss, Oak Tree, Rose, Tomato Plant

  8. Kingdoms • 2. Kingdom Animalia- contains all animals, vertebrates and invertebrates • Example: Earthworms, Piranha, Tiger, Rat, Lobster, Spider, Blue Whale

  9. Kingdoms • 3. Kingdom Fungi- contains all fungi • Fungi- non-green organisms that reproduce from spores and absorb their food • Examples: Portobello Mushrooms, Yeast, Mold

  10. Kingdoms • 4. Kingdom Prokaryotae- Contains all species of bacteria • Example: E. Coli

  11. Kingdoms • 5. Kingdom Protoctista- contains organisms that have a nucleus (usually one celled) that do not fit into the other categories • Examples: Amoeba, Euglena, Green Algae

  12. Viruses • Viruses are not classified as living even though they reproduce • They need a host cell to reproduce, therefore they are not self-sustaining, so they are non living

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