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20th Century Architecture

20th Century Architecture. 1901 - 1985. Characteristics. Surge in the Construction Industry Huge Growth in American Cities Better Building Materials. Louis Sullivan. One of the earliest architects to use steel construction. “Form Follows Function”.

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20th Century Architecture

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  1. 20th Century Architecture 1901 - 1985

  2. Characteristics • Surge in the Construction Industry • Huge Growth in American Cities • Better Building Materials

  3. Louis Sullivan One of the earliest architects to use steel construction “Form Follows Function” Carson Pirie Scott Department Store 1901, Chicago Stark Simplicity against Art Nouveau. The beginning of modern architecture.

  4. Frank Lloyd Wright Developed his own style of Architecture disregarding conventional construction Sought to establish a compatible relationship between a structure and its location.

  5. Robie House 1909, Chicago “Cornerstone of Modern Architecture” - Wright Cantilevered Roofs - seem to float without wall supports.

  6. Cantilever Cantilever -A horizontal projection, canopy, balcony or beam balanced and supported with a fulcrum.

  7. One room flowed into another space separated by partial walls. Japanese Influences

  8. Kaufmann House (Falling Water) Cantilevered terraces seem to stretch out over a stream and waterfall echo the form and color of the natural rock terraces below. Bear Run, Pennsylvania 1936

  9. Guggenheim Museum The inverted ziggurat dispensed with the conventional approach to museum design.

  10. Wright whisked people to the top of the building via elevator, proceeding downward at a leisurely pace on the gentle slope of a continuous ramp.

  11. The International Style Emerged in Germany, Holland, and France Forerunner to Contemporary Architecture. Eliminated Ornamentation Prohibited the use of natural materials. Sought to produce a structure that appeared light in weight

  12. Influences of the International Style • Cubism • Frank Lloyd Wright • Di Stijl (The Style) • a group of abstract painters with Piet Mondrian Composition 1923

  13. The Bauhaus Walter Gropius took over an Art school in Germany 1919. He moved the school from Weimar to Deessau and designed the new buildings himself using the International Style.

  14. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Came from Germany. Settled in Chicago. Made major contributions to the architectural philosophies of the late 1920’s and 1930s.

  15. Mies attempted to create contemplative, neutral spaces through an architecture based on material honesty and structural integrity.

  16. “Less is More”

  17. Set at right angles to each other to allow the most light to strike each apartment. Prime examples of the International Style Lakeshore Drive Apartments 1951

  18. Le Corbusier Notre-Dame-du-Haut 1955 Rochamp, France Swiss born Architect - grew up on the International Style. Was one of the first to abandon it after the war. Used irregular shapes. Reinforced concrete was his favorite construction material

  19. Instead of rectilinear geometrics, his architecture is more “primitive” and sculptural.

  20. I.M. Pei

  21. National Gallery of Art, 1978 Solid faceted planes outside, open to expansive interior.

  22. The Louvreentrance 1989

  23. United States Steele Corporation Wallace K. HarrisonMax Abramovitz 1970 Pittsburgh Exterior use of Cor-Ten steel. Forms a protective coating as it rusts (oxidizes) Form follows function

  24. Philip Johnson 1 9 0 6 - 1 9 8 7 Influential through several periods of American Architecture. Combined historically important details with contemporary materials and design.

  25. Philip Johnson/John Burgee Architectural Firms today are built around two or more architects. Using different solutions for different clients These guys joined forces and developed the “late modern” style of the ‘70s Penzoil Place, 1976, Houston Departure form the usual glass box.

  26. Post Modernism Architecture • Against Modernism • Architects have shunned the glass box ideal • Emphasis on Diversity

  27. John Burgee ArchitectsWITH Philip Johnson Pink granite building topped with a broken pediment AT & T Corporate Headquarters (Renamed Sony Plaza in 1990) 1985

  28. PPG Place 1984 Gothic style tower in glass Reflection of the company’s principle product and its longevity in the industry. Monolithic stone construction to glass

  29. Frank O. Ghery and Associates Buildings are designed to capture the essence of their purpose. California Aerospace Museum 1984 Angles and planes imply dynamic motion and energy.

  30. Review • Form Follows Function • Frank Lloyd Wright • The International Style • Less is Mo’ - Mies van der Roh • Phillip Johnson • Post Modernism

  31. Oil pastel perspective drawing FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS - 50 points Drawing must include architectural elements or buildings - 10 points Drawing must be adapted from a photographic (not a drawing or illustration) reference for inspiration - turned in with final drawing - 10 points Drawing must contain a foreground, middle ground, and background element(s) - 30 points First create a thumbnail drawing or plan for your oil pastel drawing - 10 points DESIGN - 20 points Create a clear example of 1, 2, or 3 point perspective Use a variety of mixed colors - 10 points Fill the pagewith strong positive and negative spaces. - 10 points CRAFTSMANSHIP - 10 points A neat and clean piece with attention to detail your name is written on the back of your drawing TIME ON TASK - 20 points

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