1. The 20th Century Mexican, Russian, and Chinese Revolutions

2. Mexican Revolution

3. Politics and Culture in Mexico

4. Mexican Revolution Key Players Francisco Madero- Democratic reformer in Mexico that proposed moderate reforms in 1910 Believed in moderate democratic reforms to relieve social tension wiothout limiting economic growth Arrested by Porfirio Diaz and began the revolution against him when released from prison Temporarily gained power but assassinated 1913 Porfirio Diaz- A Mexican president from 1876-1911 (35 years officially and unofficially) Imposed strong central government Under his rule Mexico modernized: Built mines, plantations, telegraph lines and railroads Modernization brought wealth to the nation-- Most wealth was maintained within a few families Many lower classes were repressed and participated in forced labor Economic recession struck and many lost their jobs = time for a change

5. More Key Players Victoriano Huerta-Attempted to reestablish the central dictatorship in Mexico following the removal of Madero in 1913 Forced from power in 1914 by: Emiliano Zapata- A peasant leader who hoped rebellion would bring land reform Pancho Villa- Mexican revolutionary and military leader in northern Mexico along with Zapata Alvaro Obregon-Emerged as leader of the Mexican government in 1915 and became president in 1920

6. I must-ache you a question, who are these people? Francisco Madero Porfirio Diaz Victoriano Huerta Emiliano Zapata Alvero Obregon Pancho Villa

7. Russian Revolution

8. Russian Stabilization Leon Trotsky develops a new Red Army that used lower classes and peasants to build a successful army that is loyal to the government Lenin develops a New Economic Policy which promised some freedom to small business and landowners Food production began to recover under new economic policies A new constitution set up a system of socialist republics U.S.S.R.- The federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia and was dissolved in 1991 Controlled by Communists Diminished nationalities protest under the Bolsheviks Had mixed impacts-- it preserved ethnic Russians but did little to impact minority groups like Jews Supreme Soviet developed which acted as a parliament but was controlled by communists Comintern-Encourages the formation of communist parties elsewhere Overall: Communists take over with authoritarian rule and make it more efficient than the last form of government, even enforced a political police

9. Key Players Vladimir Lenin- Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution First head of the U.S.S.R Communist radical Supported his New Economic Policy (combined capitalism with socialism), redistributed land, and nationalized banks and industry Joseph Stalin- Successor to Lenin as head of the U.S.S.R. and led them through World War II Fought for position by crushing his opponents Strong nationalist view of communism Represented the anti-Western strain on Russian tradition Established a series of five year plans to replace the New Economic Policy Pushed agricultural collectivization Furthered Cold War with the U.S. Comintern developed- International office of communism

10. More mustaches... "Have you signed up as a volunteer?" -Red Army" Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin

11. Chinese Revolution

12. Chinese Revolution

13. Chinese Revolution Key Players Yuan Shikai- A warlord in northern China after the fall of the Qing Dynasty Hoped to seize the imperial throne President of China after 1912 Resigned due to the Japanese invasion of 1916 Sun Yat-Sen- Head of the Revolutionary Alliance organization that led 1911 revolt against the Qing Dynasty Briefly elected president in 1911 before Yuan Created the Guomindang in 1919: A Nationalist party in China Drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminals Initially forged an alliance with communists in 1924 until the civil war

14. More Key Players... Chinese Marxists Li Dazhao-Chinese intellectual who gave attention to Marxist philosophy Headed a study circle at the University of Beijing Saw peasants as the leaders of revolutionary communism Mao Zedong- Communist leader Advocated the rural reform and the role of peasants in the revolution Led Communist action against the Guomindang Long March of 1934- Communist escape from Hunan province during the civil war with the Guomindang ( Mao becomes the head of the Communist Party Seized control of all mainland China by 1949 Initiated the Great Leap Forward in 1958

15. Conclusion: Mustaches = Power Yuan Shikai Sun Yat-sen Li Dazhao Mao Zedong