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Science Starter

Science Starter. Identify the atomic number and symbol of these elements: 1. Potassium 2. Aluminum 3. Beryllium 4. Sulfur 5. Flourine. History of the Periodic Table. History of the Periodic Table.

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Science Starter

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  1. Science Starter • Identify the atomic number and symbol of these elements: • 1. Potassium • 2. Aluminum • 3. Beryllium • 4. Sulfur • 5. Flourine

  2. History of the Periodic Table

  3. History of the Periodic Table • In the early 1800’s scientists proposed ways to organize the elements based on their properties. • In 1869 a Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, came up with the first version of the periodic table. • He arranged the table by listing elements in order of increasing atomic mass. • We call it a periodic table because it shows a repeating, or periodic, pattern of properties of the elements. • Mendeleev left some empty spaces because he predicted that new elements would be discovered. • Mendeleev’s work was not perfect because several elements seemed to be misplaced.

  4. History of the Periodic Table • Henry Moseley, a British chemist, corrected the periodic table in 1913. • He arranged it by increasing atomic number instead of atomic mass. • This is the periodic table we have today.

  5. Groups & Periods • The periodic table is divided into 18 vertical columns called groups or families and 7 horizontal rows called periods. • Elements in the same group (columns) have similar but not identical properties. The columns tell you the atoms that share the same number of valence electrons. • Elements in the same period (rows) have properties that change in a predictable way from one end of the period to the other. With some exceptions, valence increases left to right across a given period. • The lanthanide elements (row 6) and the actinide elements (row 7) are separated from the rest of the table by being placed beneath the table in order to make the table shorter and easier to read. • These two rows are called the rare earth elements.

  6. Using the Periodic Table • The periodic table is divided into 3 major sections: • The metals (yellow) • The nonmetals (green) • The metalloids (purple) • An atom’s position on the periodic table indicates basically two things: • Properties of its element (groups/families) • How reactive it is (periods)

  7. Coloring the Periodic Table Families www.middleschoolscience.com/Coloring-the-Periodic-Table-Families.ppt Mrs. LaRosa Some images are from www.chem4kids.com www.middleschoolscience.com 2008

  8. Families on the Periodic Table • Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. • Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. • Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

  9. ALKALI METALS Group 1 • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal • 1 electron in the outer shell • Soft and silvery metals • Very reactive, esp. with water • Conduct electricity Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

  10. ALKALINE EARTH METALS Group 2 • 2 electrons in the outer shell • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals • Conduct electricity

  11. TRANSITION METALS Groups in the middle • Good conductors of heat and electricity. • Some are used for jewelry. • The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. • Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

  12. BORON FAMILY Group 3 • 3 electrons in the outer shell • Most are metals • Boron is a metalloid

  13. CARBON FAMILY Group 4 • 4 electrons in the outer shell • Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal Carbon (C)

  14. NITROGEN FAMILY Group 5 • 5 electrons in the outer shell • Can share electrons to form compounds • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals

  15. OXYGEN FAMILY Group 6 • 6 electrons in the outer shell • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals • Reactive

  16. Halogens Group 7 • 7 electrons in the outer shell • All are non-metals • Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1

  17. Noble Gases Group 8 • Exist as gases • Non-metals • 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Not reactive with other elements

  18. Rare Earth Metals • Some are Radioactive • The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • Conduct electricity

  19. The end of the study guide. The next guide is determining shells and valence electrons

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