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Biofuels

Biofuels. History of biofuels Inconsistencies with biofuels ? Projects Algenol Company Sapphire Energy Company Where biofuels are now Trends that will shape the future. Why Biofuels?. The engine? Rudolf Diesel invented his engine to work primarily with vegetable oil

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Biofuels

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  1. Biofuels

  2. History of biofuels • Inconsistencies with biofuels? • Projects • Algenol Company • Sapphire Energy Company • Where biofuels are now • Trends that will shape the future Why Biofuels?

  3. The engine? • Rudolf Diesel invented his engine to work primarily with vegetable oil • Henry Ford intended his Model T to run on ethanol (grew up on a farm….) • Forced out by the supply, price, and efficiency of petroleum. • Events to come back to biofuels • 1970: Passage of the Clean Air Act • Allows EPA to regulate emission standards… • Amended in 1990 • 1973: Arab oil embargo • 1978: Iranian Revolution • August 1982: International Conference on Plant and Vegetable Oils • 1992: Energy Policy Act passed by the EPA • Increased use of alternative energy by the US government • Amended in 1998 specifically included biodiesel History of Biofuels

  4. Will destroy food supply • It will increase emissions • Clear cut for increase crops • Increase food prices • Less crops for food • “Will complicate and worsen a number of social and environmental problems” • Oil Change International ARE THESE THE FACTS? Arguments against biofuels

  5. BIOFUELS MADE FROM ALGAE • Decrease food supply?.......We don’t eat algae • Increase emissions by clear cut?......No clear cutting is needed • Increase cost of food?……covered that already • I fail to see how fuels will put a strain on social and ecological systems The Facts About Biofuels

  6. Algenol’s new idea? • Developed the technology in 1980’s • Began commericaleffort when crude hit $50 barrel (2006) • As of 1/6/11, crude is $135 a barrel • There are over 10,000 strains of algae • Algenol does not cultivate its algae • It siphons produced ethanol by its bioreactor tubes How does Algae produce biofuel? Wastewater + CO2 + Sunlight + Algae = Ethanol + Biodiesel + Other Products That Used to Use Petroleum + WATER (is used to grow the algae) Bottom line: Algae is 100% renewable with no harmful effects on the environment and is closed looped A Company Named Algenol

  7. $850 million to build an algae farm in the Sonoran Desert • Ethanol at constant $3 per gallon • Aim to produce 6000 gallons per acre per year • Production begins by the end of 2010 • Production costs = 85 cents per gallon • By 2012 – 1 billion gallons annually Algae In The Desert

  8. Sapphire Energy in New Mexico • Why New Mexico? • Flat desert conditions • High level of sunlight • Large amount of underground salt water • 100% renewable resource • Received $104.5 million (federal funding) • $50 million from Department of Energy • $54.5 million from Department of Agriculture • Private investors? • Wellcome Trust • Cascade (owned by Bill Gates) • Venrock (Rockfeller) • ARCH Venture Partners Algae in the United States?

  9. 300 acre integrated algal biorefinery • 1 million gallons of diesel and jet fuel per year by 2011 • 100 million gallons by 2018 • 1 billion gallons by 2025 • SO WHERE DOES THAT LEAVE US? • Assuming that efficiency does not play a role… • Biofuel mixed with petroleum so an accurate comparison is difficult • U.S. ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION (numbers are not strictly transportation) • 42 gallons = 1 barrel • 6.85 billion barrels of oil in 2009 • 6.99 billion barrels of oil in 2010 • 293.58 BILLION GALLONS PER YEAR Sapphire’s Plan

  10. Biofuels play a minute role in the grand scheme • Oil price increase, increase investment in biofuels • Critics to biofuels? • Don’t know the facts yet still attempt to derail efforts • Businesses will invest? • New jobs!!!!!! • 750 jobs to build the algae farm (Sapphire) Biofuels Today

  11. Biodiesel can run in a standard diesel engine with no modifications to the engine (Bioethanol as well) • Oil companies will have to take a risk • Decreasing oil supply vs. unlimited algae supply • Political pressure? • Nothing is going to change with the current infrastructure… • Social change is necessary? • Hummer and “soccer mom” van? • Bigger is not always better… So what does the future look like…? • ECONOMIC TRENDS!!! • As gas prices increase (due to the supply of oil decreasing) consumers will want to by cheaper fuel…the fuel of the future Biofuels In The Future

  12. http://lugar.senate.gov/energy/graphs/sector.html http://priceofoil.org/2009/08/17/policy-re-think-needed-for-biofuels-bogeyman/ http://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/alternative-fuels/biodiesel2.htm http://www.algenolbiofuels.com/cnetalgaefarmmexico061608-2.pdf http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/biofuel/4333722 http://www.sapphireenergy.com/news-article/86040-green-energy-in-new-mexico-man-made http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=33&t=6 http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2011/01/30/efficiency-of-biofuels/ http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&q=barrel+of+oil+to+gallons%3F#sclient=psy&hl=en&tbm=nws&source=hp&q=1+barrel+of+oil+to+gallons%3F&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=bfaf2b1ed4d1de2 Sources

  13. http://www.greencitizens.net/news/archive.php?c_nam http://www.bigpictureblog.info/?p=120e=Energy&month=July%2010 http://ecoble.com/2008/02/25/7-brilliant-but-questionable-eco-power-innovations/ https://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/Parry.Saulenas http://www.ceres.net/aboutus/AboutUs-Biofuels-Advantage.html http://gas2.org/2011/04/22/algea-based-fuels-could-cut-foreign-oil-use-by-17/ http://domesticfuel.com/2010/08/16/investments-spark-speculation-on-algal-biodiesel/ http://richc.myarchive.us/2009/10/algae-based-biofuelbiodiesel-highlighted/ http://lugar.senate.gov/energy/graphs/sector.html http://peakoil.com/what-is-peak-oil/ http://guayuleblog.com/29/alternative-energy/world-needs-alternatives-to-biofuels-from-food-crops/ http://domesticfuel.com/2008/06/11/algae-ethanol-coming-soon/ http://www.heroicinvesting.com/price-of-oil-expected-to-top-out-here-in-2011 http://seekingalpha.com/article/263639-oil-forecast-for-second-quarter-2011 http://www.tflcar.com/2010/11/why-pay-for-gasoline-when-you-can-now-fuel-up-your-car-with-algae.html http://www.popsci.com/environment/article/2008-07/britain-finally-sees-light-admits-biofuels-are-bad-news http://fl912-windsor.blogspot.com/ http://www.waymotor.com/list_details.php?id=1&sub=Unique%20Cars http://www.tirereview.com/article/78011/vehicle_and_tire_changes_caused_by_cafe_standards.aspx http://venturebeat.com/2008/05/29/sapphire-energy-gets-open-checkbook-from-investors-for-algae-based-gasoline/ http://www.sandiego.com/business/sapphire-energy-biofuel-from-algae http://revolutionarypolitics.com/?p=5441 http://inhabitat.com/transportation-tuesday-worlds-first-biodiesel-jet/ http://www.clipartof.com/interior_wall_decor/details/Blue-Globe-Circled-By-A-Green-Vine-With-A-Large-Nozzle-Dripping-Green-Bio-Fuel-Poster-Art-Print-30314 Picture Sources

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