1 / 17

Introduction to Anatomy: Methods, Types, and Organizational Levels

This lecture provides an overview of anatomy, covering various methods and types, including microscopic, developmental, comparative, and gross anatomy. It explores the internal structures of cells (cytology), the study of tissues (histology), and the changes from conception to maturity (embryology). Key topics include organizational levels from atomic to organismal, the characteristics and requirements for life, and essential anatomical concepts such as positions, directions, planes, and body cavities. Understanding these fundamentals is crucial for studying the human body and its systems.

topper
Télécharger la présentation

Introduction to Anatomy: Methods, Types, and Organizational Levels

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. LECTURE 1 Introduction to Anatomy

  2. Methods & Types of Anatomy 1. Microscopic: with magnification a. cytology: internal structure of cells “cyto” = cell “ology” = study of b. histology: study of tissues 2. Developmental: changes in form between conception and maturity -both microscopic and gross anatomy -early months = “embryology” 3. Comparative: anatomical organization of different animal types -may reflect evolutionary relationships or divergence e.g. vertebrates - share the presence of a dorsal, hollow nerve cord + segmental housing

  3. 4. Gross: visible to unaided eye -approaches: a) surface b) regional - superficial + internal structures within a defined area of the body c) systemic - structure of major organ systems as a whole -organs that function together to produce coordinated effects -11 organ systems: 1. skeletal 2. articular 3. muscular 4. digestive 5. respiratory 6. urinary 7. reproductive 8. circulatory 9. nervous 10. integumentary 11. endocrine

  4. Regional Anatomy: the abdomen and pelvis -division of abdominopelvic region into 4 quadrants

  5. -however - can divide further into 9 abdominopelvic regions

  6. Organizational Levels 1. Atomic – elemental composition: 4 major elements within the body- C, N, O and H (99% of the total number of atoms within the body) 2) Molecular - molecular composition of these atoms - 67% of our bodies is water

  7. 3. Cellular level 4. Tissue level 5. Organismal level: reflects interactions among organ systems -when functioning normally the internal environment is relatively stable at all levels (i.e. cellular, tissue etc...) -this state is known as “homeostasis” “homeo” = unchanging “stasis” = standing -each level is related -e.g. changes in chemical level may affect the activity of the cell which in turn affects the tissue etc....

  8. Characteristics of Life: 1. movement: internal & external 2. responsiveness 3. growth: increase in size -individual cells specialize to perform special functions 4. respiration 5. reproduction 6. digestion 7. absorption 8. circulation 9. excretion

  9. Requirements for Life: 1. water 2. food 3. oxygen 4. heat 5. pressure

  10. Language of Anatomy ****all landmarks must be considered with respect to anatomical position**** Anatomical landmarks: -anatomical position: erect -lying down face up = supine -lying down face down = prone

  11. Anatomical directions:

  12. Anatomical Planes & Sections: -transverse: right angles to the long axis of the body at the umbilicus -divides into superior & inferior sections -any section along this plane = transverse section

  13. -frontal or coronal: parallel to the long axis -divides into anterior and posterior regions -any section along this plane = coronal section

  14. -sagittal: parallel to the long axis dividing into right and left regions -any section along this plane = sagittal section -into even R & L halves = midsagittal section

  15. Body Cavities:

More Related