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Advancements in Smart Grids: Solutions for Modern Energy Challenges

In this presentation from Tommy Carpenter at the University of Waterloo, we delve into the critical real-world issues in our aging energy grid and how smart grids can provide viable solutions. The discussion covers the sluggish progress due to intrinsic challenges and explores three imminent changes in technology: solar energy, energy storage, and advanced sensing. By showcasing research and examples from these areas, we highlight the necessity of transitioning to a decentralized, efficient grid that integrates renewable sources, improves control, and enhances user experience while ensuring data privacy.

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Advancements in Smart Grids: Solutions for Modern Energy Challenges

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  1. Presented by: Tommy Carpenter Computer science University of Waterloo

  2. Outline • The grid has real problems • that smart grids can solve • These problems are intrinsic and difficult • so progress has been slow • Three areas where changes are imminent are solar, storage, and sensing • examples of our work in these areas

  3. The Grid

  4. …is old Post-war infrastructure is reachigEOL

  5. …inefficient US DOE: http://www.southeastchptap.org/cleanenergy/chp/

  6. …poorly measured

  7. …poorly controlled • Electrons are notaddressable Perception Reality

  8. …dirty (mostly)

  9. …without storage (mostly) Needed capacity http://ieso-public.sharepoint.com/

  10. Smart grid

  11. Current grid Smart grid • Renewables/low carbon • Storage rich • Sensing rich • Control rich • Efficient • Decentralized High carbon footprint Little to no storage Poorly measured Poorly controlled Inefficient Centralized

  12. …but Consumers & Utilities lack incentives Savings of 10%: $5-10/month Utilities make $$ regardless

  13. hence slow progress: -Demand response: onlytime of use pricing -Grid storage: tiny -Smart buildings and homes: demo stage -Microgrids: rare -Electric vehicles: early mainstream -Security and privacy: mostly missing

  14. Three inflection points • Solar • Storage • Sensing (and control)

  15. Storage research, investment growth Global investment to reach $122 Billion by 2021 – Pike Research Some grid storage Largest change: EVs LiON Declining. $600 down to <$200

  16. Sensing & Control Grid Home Pervasive Michigan Micro Mote

  17. Our Contributions

  18. Insight: Grid-Net Isomorphism Grid Internet Variable bit-rate source Bits Buffer Communication link Tier 1 ISP Tier 2/3 ISP Congestion control Renewable Source Electrons Storage Transmission line Transmission network Distribution network Demand response

  19. SSS: Solar, Storage, Sensing

  20. Sensing: auto thermal comfort (Spotlite) • Uses ML to learn comfort levels, occupancy patterns • Pre-heat prior to occupancy periods, lower heat afterwards • Cooling

  21. Sensing: preserving data privacy -Certification and Validation App Store -Data collection -Data access control -Application framework App API VEE -Integrating cloud storage -High density hosting Host Each user’s data is stored and processed (by apps) in user-owned virtual execution environments, enabling: Gateway Data ownership Data privacy Data applications

  22. Sensing + Storage: distributed charging - Goal: fairly allocate resources during congestion periods - Our work: distributed, model free and real time via congestion signals - Prior work: centralized, perfect network knowledge, day ahead, • 1 EV = 5 homes • Creates hotspots • Real-time AIMD control of EV charging rate • Solution is both fair and efficient

  23. Solar + Storage: Solar EV Charging • Base case (no solar): try meeting all charging deadlines • - If infeasible; perform fair allocation • Integrate solar to reduce emissions while ensuring same (or greater) utility

  24. Solar + Storage: ROI, EROEI of Solar Systems w/ Storage -Advanced modeling of stochastic inputs, comprehensive battery model

  25. Storage: EV ecosystem & adoption modeling

  26. Storage: EV Sentiment Analysis • EV Ops gauged using: • Field Trials: Expensive = usually short, not many participants • Surveys: Hard to target • But lots of opinions buried in discussion forums!

  27. Storage: EV Sentiment Analysis

  28. Storage (EVs): Vehicle Access networks for EV owners • - Range Anxiety: long trips not possible yet. Prohibitive to owners • without another car. • - EV owners sometimes need access to ICEVs • - Solution: operate some form of multi pool network (a carshare) • - Can be integrated into dealership, operated by gov, • community nonprofit, etc. • - Regardless of business model, sizing/managing the fleet is hard

  29. Storage (EVs): Vehicle Access networks for EV owners Challenge: Ensure maintained over time Demand patterns constantly changing, non-stationary, arbitrary

  30. Sensing + storage + solar: WeBike • A fleet of 25-30 ebikes on campus • Tons of sensors, data collection • Bikes now being deployed!

  31. Why study eBikes?

  32. Conclusions • - We are networking and smart grid researchers exploiting similarities between the net and grid • - Currently working in 3 main areas: • Solar • Storage (EVs) • Sensing/Control

  33. Extra Slides

  34. Sensing: TOU pricing analysis Current

  35. Sensing: TOU pricing analysis Current

  36. Sensing: TOU pricing analysis Current Proposed

  37. Solar + Storage: Cost-Efficient Energy Storage

  38. Smart grid vision Source: European technology platform: Smart Grids

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