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Muslim Empires

Muslim Empires. Chapter 20. Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923. Started with semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwest Anatolia in the 1200s Replaced the Mongols as their power declined. Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923. Gunpowder Janissaries 1453 captured Constantinople

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Muslim Empires

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  1. Muslim Empires Chapter 20

  2. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Started with semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwest Anatolia in the 1200s • Replaced the Mongols as their power declined

  3. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Gunpowder • Janissaries • 1453 captured Constantinople • Allowed Christians & Jews to worship—tolerant • Navy until 1571 loss to Venetians & Spanish—Battle of Lepanto

  4. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Mehmed

  5. Ottoman Empire Selim I 1512 • Claimed that he was the rightful heir to the Islamic tradition of Arab caliphs

  6. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 Suleyman the Magnificent 1520-1566 • Patron of the artsGolden Age • Pushed into Europe and laid siege on Vienna

  7. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Absolute monarchy, but later removed himself and ruled through a vizier • Islamic religious scholars & legal experts served administrative functions • Still a major problem is succession

  8. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • ConstantinopleIstanbul • Hagia Sophiamosque • Aqueducts, marketplace, rest houses, religious schools and hospitals • Large merchant and artisan class • Commercial exchanges and handicraft production is closely regulated by government

  9. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Harem was influential in politics and society • Female relatives and concubines resided in the harem • Gained status when had sons • Eunuchs guarded the harem were of slave origin and were trained and educated • Enslavement of Muslims is forbidden • Sultan’s mom is the queen mother

  10. Ottoman Empire1300s-1923 • Peaked in mid-1600s • Became too large to maintain • Plagued by corruption & inflation • Successors to the throne often lived sheltered lives and were unequipped to rule • European military and naval technology outpaced the Ottomans

  11. Mughal India1523-mid1700s • History of decentralized regional kingdoms • Babur, Turkic nomad, began his conquest of India in 1526 • Akbar, his son, continued this quest

  12. Mughal India1523-mid 1700s Akbar • Wanted to unify the empire—1ST time • Patronized the arts • Interested in religious discussion • Policy of cooperation with Hindu rulers & encouraged intermarriagemixed geographically • Abolished the jizya (non-Muslim tax) • Promoted Hindus to high-ranking govt jobs

  13. Mughal India Akbar • Tried to improve the position of women by trying to eliminate sati

  14. Mughal India1523-mid 1700s • Architecture • Blended Persian, Hindu ornamentation and Islamic domes, arches and minarets

  15. Mughal India1523 to mid 1700s Aurangzeb • Pushed to extend Muslim control to all of India • Brought back the non-Muslim tax • Sought to purify India’s Islam—1700s begin to persecute Hindus • His many wars drained the treasury • Peasant uprisings • Revolts by Muslims and Hindus • Weak Hindu princes

  16. Mughal India1523-mid 1700s • Weak India, allowed European traders in search of cotton to increase their influence • Portugal ad the port city of Goa and sent missionaries • 1661 British East India Company controlled trade in Bombay. • 1691 British East Co founded Calcutta • Mughals were annoyed, but allowed trade

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