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Causes of World War I :

Causes of World War I :. Imperialism. Nationalism. Militarism. System of Alliances. The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand By Black Hand Terrorist Gavrilo Princip. The Alliance System. The Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy. The Triple Entente England France Russia.

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Causes of World War I :

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  1. Causes of World War I: Imperialism Nationalism Militarism System of Alliances The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand By Black Hand Terrorist Gavrilo Princip

  2. The Alliance System • The Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • The Triple Entente • England • France • Russia

  3. A Global Conflict:World War 1 Combatants Green Countries: Allies Orange Countries: Central Powers

  4. The Schlieffen Plan • Avoid a two-front war • Move against France first, then take Russia • First Battle of Marne defeats Schlieffen Plan

  5. Trench Warfare: Trench Warfare used extensively on the Western Front Trenches Filled with: Mud, Rats, Disease Machine Guns used extensively One of the Main Reasons the War in the West Stalled

  6. Causes and Effects of The Russian Revolution: Russian People had a lot to deal with: Poverty Uncaring Czar Lack of Food World War I Bolsheviks Take Over, Russia Signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, withdraw from War Lenin adapts Marx’s Communist Revolution To suit his needs

  7. US Enters War: USA Tries To Remain Neutral Germans Sink Lusitania, British Plead with Americans to Enter War 1917: America Enters War On the Allied Side

  8. Effects of World War I: 1918: Allies Win the War! Over 10 Million Soldiers Die How would the loss of so much life affect the present generation as well as the future?

  9. 10.6:Effects of World War I

  10. 10.6.1: Aims of World Leaders, Treaty of Versailles, Wilson’s 14 Points, League of Nations Wilson Big Three Goals Ending WWI: Paris Peace Conference - 1919 Clemenceau • United States – Woodrow Wilson • Self - Determination • 14 points - League of Nations • Great Britain – David Lloyd George • Make Germany Pay for the War - Reparations • Restore British Power • France – Georges Clemenceau • National Security • Buffer State – Arms Reduction • Alsace Lorraine George Fourteen Points League of Nations (Rejected by United States) Open Covenants Freedom of Seas / Free Trade Arms Reduction Treaty of Versailles Represented: United States, France, Britain, Italy Excluded: Russia, Central Power Article 231: War Guilt Clause (Germany) Financial Compensation: Reparations German Military Restrictions German Territorial Concessions Creation of League of Nations

  11. 10.6.2: Population Movement, Economy, Geographic Shifts in Europe & Middle East • Eliminated States: • Austro-Hungarian Empire • Ottoman Empire • Serbia • Reduced States: • Germany • Russia • Bulgaria • Enlarged States: • France • Romania • Italy • Newly Created States: • Austria • Hungary • Poland • Czechoslovakia • Yugoslavia • Turkey • Middle Eastern States • Finland • Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania

  12. 10.6.3: Post-War Disillusionment EUROPE AFTER WWI Political Instability Economic Trouble Shock and Disillusionment Competing Political Parties National Bankruptcy Loss of Faith in Old Systems Lack of Democratic Tradition Inflation Lack of Strong Leadership Fear of Failure Unemployment Changing Forms of Government

  13. 10.6.4: WWI Influence on Literature & Art Picasso ART Rebelled Against: Realistic Styles Traditional Compositions Explored: World of Dreams and Fantasy Seeing Shapes in New Ways CUBISM Famous Figures: PABLO PICASSO Cubism Hemmingway Stein LITERATURE Rebelled Against: Romantic Idealism Easy Solutions Explored: Feelings of Loss and Fear New Ways of Using Old Literary Forms Famous Figures: ERNEST HEMMINGWAY GERTRUDE STEIN F. SCOTT FITZGERALD LOST GENERATION Fitzgerald

  14. 10.6.2: Population Movement, Economy, Geographic Shifts in Europe & Middle East British Mandate: Yellow French Mandate: Orange Diaspora – 134 A.D. Jews Exiled from Israel by Roman Empire Balfour Declaration – 1917 A.D. Palestine Declared Homeland for Jews Jews Begin Return to Former State of Isreal

  15. 10.7 WH

  16. Causes of Revolution Revolution of 1905- Oct. Manifesto (sets up Duma) Nicholas II influence of Rasputin by 1916 Army’s getting whupped, totally unprepped for modern war widespread hunger, poor working & living conditions 1916- Nicholas dismisses Duma

  17. February (March) Revolution 3/8/17- strikes & demonstrations in Petrograd - troops refuse to fire, it’s clear the Tsar’s not in charge 3/12/17- Provisional Gov’t (Kerensky) set up by Duma-based on liberal ideals 3/15/17-Nicholas II abdicates almost all people want rev. for one reason or another

  18. soviets organized (rivals to provisional gov‘t) Bolsheviks seize power Prov. gov’t hangs w/ alliance & War army lacks discipline, things still falling apart More Feb. Rev.

  19. Lenin & Bolsheviks (Oct. Rev.) 4/17- Germans sneak Lenin back in to stir pot motto is “peace, bread and land” 7/17- Bolsheviks’ 1st coup fails, right wing countercoup fails 11/7/17 Trotsky (red army) & Lenin try again & succeed, declare power is now w/ Soviets Capital back to Moscow

  20. Maintaining Control fulfill promises & maintain security land over to peasants (OK to seize) Confiscate grain, take over banks 3/18: territory to Ger in Treaty of Brest-Litovsk “Comm Revs will spring up all over”

  21. Totalitarianism-Stalinist Russia • Stalin wants to succeed Lenin • Stalin ruthlessly climbs to the head of the Soviet Government • Stalin transform the Soviet Union into a Totalitarian State • Totalitarian governments take control over all aspects of life • Several totalitarian states emerge in 20thc

  22. Weapons of Totalitarianism • Stalin uses police terror to eliminate his enemies • Stalin’s totalitarian regime relies on indoctrination & propaganda to mold minds • Soviet Art & the mass media are subject to censorship • Russian Orthodox Church & other faiths are persecuted

  23. Daily Life under Stalin • Soviet women contribute to the prosperity of Stalin’s state-controlled economy but also make great sacrifices • Soviet state-controlled education indoctrinates citizens and offers them technical training and opportunites for a better life • Five-Year Plans- high quotas on production

  24. Vocabulary • Totalitarianism- total centralized control • Command Economy- Gov’t makes all economic decisions • Collective Farm- Large Gov’t owned farms • Kulaks- Wealthy peasants • Great Purge- terror campaign, kill all who threaten his power • Socialist realism- Art style praised Communist life

  25. Japanese Aggression

  26. The Rape of Nanking

  27. German Aggression

  28. Nazi Soviet Pact

  29. Appeasement at Munich

  30. American Isolationism

  31. Axis & Allied Powers

  32. European Theater

  33. Pacific Theater

  34. Big Three at Yalta

  35. Winston Churchill

  36. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

  37. Joseph Stalin

  38. Adolf Hitler

  39. Hirohito

  40. Benito Mussolini

  41. The Warsaw Ghetto

  42. Buchenwald

  43. Auschwitz-Birkenau

  44. The Cold War 1945-1989

  45. Post War Europe • Yalta Conference: Feb 1945 • United Nations • Soviet Buffer Zone • Churchill: “Iron Curtain” • US Policy of containment • Truman Doctrine: Support for countries that rejected communism • Marshall Plan: 12.5 Billion to rebuild Europe

  46. Cold War • USA vs. USSR • Political and economic conflicts • NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Warsaw Pact • Nuclear Threat • Atomic bomb • Hydrogen Bomb (Much more powerful) • Berlin Airlift: 1948 • Berlin Wall: 1961

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