NETWORKING FROM A TO Z • Your LAN • Your WAN • Your Wiring Plan

1. NETWORKING FROM A TO Z • Your LAN • Your WAN • Your Wiring Plan Adapted for EPA HS from Presentation to Silicon Valley Conference on Nonprofits and Technology May 9, 2001 Mark L. Miller, Ph.D. The Miller Institute for Learning with Technology mlmiller@learningtech.org

2. The Alphabet Soup of Networking • NIC, Network Diagram, Netmask, NAT • OSF, OC3, OEM, OSI, Octet • Packet, Port, Protocol, Plenum, POP • QoS, Quantization, Queue • Router, RAS, Rack, RJ45, RFC822 • Server, Switch, SDSL, Static IP, SSH • T1, Tunnel, Topology, TCP/IP, Trojan • UPS, USB, UTP, UDP, UUCP, URL • VPN, Virus, VLAN, VAR, V.90 • WAN, Wiring Plan, Wireless, WWW • X.25, XML, X11R6, X.400, X.500 • YP, Y Modem, Yellow Wire, YMMV • Z Modem, Zone, Zero Delay Lockout • Architecture, ADSL, Analog • Bastion Host, Bandwidth, Bridge • Cat5, Cable Modem, Copper, Coax • DHCP, DSL, DES, DoS, DNS, DMZ • Extranet, Ethernet, Encryption • Facility, Firewall, FDDI, FE, Filter • Gigabit, Gateway, Gopher • HTTP, Hub, Hacker, Hosting, Hop • IDF, ISDN, intranet, ISP, IETF • Java, Jabber, Jitter, JPEG • Kbps, K56Flex, Kerberos, Kermit • LAN, Leased Line, Layer, LSB • MDF, Modem, Multimode, MPOE … and so on ... 2

3. Overview • What is a LAN? What is a WAN? • What is The Internet? What is an intranet? • What are Hubs? Switches? Routers? • Facilities Considerations • Network Drawings • Wiring Standards • Connection Types, Speeds, and Protocols • Internet Service Providers • Network Security • For More Information 3

4. What is a Local Area Network? • Wires Within and Between Buildings on Same Campus • Connects Workstation Computers to Servers, Printers • Enables Resource Sharing (Files, Printers, Databases) • Facilitates Technical Support (e.g., Cloning, Backups) • Necessary for Wide Area Net and Shared Internet Access • The SERVER is the conceptual center of your network. Network Printer Desktop PC Desktop PC Desktop PC Server 4

5. Why Not Just Use Floppies? • Floppies Are Notoriously Unreliable • Floppies Don’t Hold Nearly Enough Information • Floppies Don’t Facilitate Collaborative Work • Replication Costs More for Protons Than for Electrons • Floppies Don’t Help You Share Resources (Printers, Scanners, Databases, Internet Access) Frisbee Net Sneaker Net 5

6. Links Different Locations within Your Own Organization Similar to LAN but slower and over greater distances Can be Virtual (use Internet to create VPN) Bridge between two or more LANs What is a Wide Area Network? Printer PC PC PC Server Printer PC PC PC Server 6

7. What is The Internet? What is an intranet? What is an extranet? • An internet is any network of computer networks • The Internet is the global, public network of networks • An intranet is a private internet within an organization, typically hidden behind a firewall • An extranet is a semi-private internet allowing data exchange across organizations (e.g., customer-vendor) • See: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9709b.html 7

8. What are Hubs? • A hub is the active element which turns a collection of wires into a network. It is the “hub” of a network. Most common for modern networks is a “Star Topology” 8

9. What are Switches? • A switch is an active element muchlike a hub. However, the entire “bandwidth” is available on every port, rather than being shared among the ports. Think of a hub as a “party-line” phone, whereas a switch represents Direct-inbound-dial. A 24-port 10/100 Mbs switch is nominally 24 x 10 x 2 faster than a 24-port 10BaseT hub 9

10. Network Drawings • LAN Diagram • WAN Diagram (may combine with LAN if simple) • Logical Versus Physical: • Logical Diagram Indicates Topology/Connectivity • Physical Diagram Indicates Scale, Layout • Legends Should Indicate Type of Run, Speed • Do not rely on color to convey critical information 10

11. Wiring Standards • Copper (within a building) • Cat3 (telephone quality, 10 Mbs at 300 feet) • Cat5 (data quality, 100 Mbs at 300 feet) • Cat5e, Cat6 (for gigabit speeds) • Fiber (between buildings) • Multimode (Most common, least expensive) • Single mode (Higher speeds per length) • Hybrid (Possible future-proofing approach) • Wireless (mainly for laptops) • 802.11 (11 Mbs, typically within a few hundred feet) • Can help in situations where wiring is infeasible 11

12. A TypicalEquipmentRackMDF Plan for Mission Hospice of San Mateo 84” 19” 12

13. Facilities Considerations • Locked closet for equipment rack(s) • Accessibility of Equipment on Racks • Access from front and back • Main Distribution Frame (MDF) • Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF) • Adequate power • Ambient temperature • Length of cable runs (affects type of cabling) • Cable runs must not violate fire breaks • Plenum cable required if hot air returns 13

14. What are Routers? • A router is a specialized, dedicated computer for connecting local area networks together into internets (e.g., from Ethernet LAN to T1 WAN). It sends each packet of data to the right location. To Accounting To The Internet To Sales 14

15. Protocols • The “language” spoken between computers on a network • Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is most popular and important • Others include: • IPX/SPX (Novell) • NetBEUI (Microsoft) • AppleTalk (Apple) • Most can co-exist on same wire • Others (e.g., Token Ring) require different “topology” 15

16. Internet Service Providers • Getting on the Internet involves 2 distinct services: • An Internet Service Provider, who provides: • IP Address(es) • Domain Name Service (optional) • Web Hosting or Co-Location (optional) • Access to Major Internet Trunks, Centers (MAE-WEST) • Peering Arrangements • A Data Communications Provider, who provides • A wire from you to the ISP • Both services are often provided by a single vendor. • See: www.thelist.com 16

17. Connection Types and Speeds • Analog Modem (up to 56 Kbs) • Leased Lines (up to 64 Kbs, no dial delay) • ISDN (up to 128 Kbs) • DSL (up to 1.5 Mbs) • Cable (typically up to 1.5 Mbs) • T-1 (1.5 Mbs) • Point to Point • Frame Relay • T-3 • (and so on) 17

18. Network Security • Physical Security of Servers • Desktop Security • Password Security • Virus Protection • Security Advisories and Updates • Recent Example: • http://www.pgp.com/research/covert/advisories/047.asp • Firewall • Public versus Private Addresses (NAT) • Static Versus Dynamic Addresses (DHCP) • Port Filtering, Forwarding/Mapping 18

19. Private IP Addresses Public IP Addresses (Invisible to Outside World) Hub or Switch NetworkAddressTranslation The Internet 209.23.100.17 NAT Gateway 192.168.1.17 Computer Computer 19

20. Remote Laptops Dialup/Wireless A Typical Logical DiagramCombiningLAN and WANPlan forMission Hospiceof San Mateo ISP 1.1 Mbs SDSL Router Gateway Server 100 Mbs FE Main Server 20

21. Physical Wiring Diagram 21

22. For More Information A useful glossary of networking terms can be found on 3CoM’s web site: www.3com.com/corpinfo/en_US/glossary.jsp Another useful glossary can be found at: www.eeng.brad.ac.uk/help/.xferfile/.glossary.html Mark L. Miller, Ph.D. The Miller Institute for Learning with Technology www.learningtech.org mlmiller@learningtech.org 650-598-0105 22