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Muscles of the Upper Limb

Muscles of the Upper Limb. Muscles equal movement…. What muscles do you already know?. Questions. What are the three types of muscle contractions in the body? How can you remember which muscles move a specific joint?

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Muscles of the Upper Limb

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  1. Muscles of the Upper Limb Muscles equal movement…

  2. What muscles do you already know?

  3. Questions • What are the three types of muscle contractions in the body? • How can you remember which muscles move a specific joint? • What happens to the muscles at a specific joint during each type of muscle contraction? • Hint: choose a joint, then figure out the muscles that move it and the movements it makes. Then, apply this knowledge to each type of muscle contraction.

  4. Posterior View of Back Levator Scapulae Rhomboid Minor Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Latissimusdorsi Rhomboid Major

  5. Motions of Muscles • Trapezius • Scapular elevation, adduction, retraction, upward rotation and depression, also extends neck • LatissimusDorsi • Adductor, extensor & internal rotator of arm • Rhomboids • Assist trapezius in downward rotation of the scapula and adduction or retraction of scapula • Levator Scapulae • Elevates the scapula and helps rotate the scapula downward

  6. Muscles of the Rotator Cuff Supraspinatus Teres minor Infraspinatus Subscapularis - Sits on anterior side of Scapula

  7. Motions of Muscles for Rotator Cuff • Supraspinatus • Abducts the shoulder • Infraspinatus • Laterally Rotates the Shoulder • Teres Minor • Laterally rotate the shoulder • Subscapularis • Rotates humerus medially, stabilizes the shoulder All three of these muscles help stabilize the shoulder joint

  8. Muscles that Move the Humerus Deltoid (anterior and lateral heads) Pectoralis Major Coracobrachialis

  9. Motions of Muscles • Deltoid • Anterior Head • Flexes and medially rotates the shoulder joint • Lateral Head • Abducts the arm • Posterior Head • Extends and laterally rotates the arm • Coracobrachialis • Acts as a flexor and adductor of the arm • Teres Major • Medial rotator, adductor and helps extends the humerus at the arm • Pectoralis Major • Internal rotation, adduction and flexion of the arm

  10. Muscles that Move the Humerus – cont’d Coracobrachialis Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior

  11. Motions of Muscles • Pectoralis Minor • Elevates the ribs and depresses and protracts the scapula • Serratus Anterior • Upward rotation, abduction or protraction of the scapula

  12. Elbow Flexors / Extensors – Anterior Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Pronatorteres

  13. Motions of Muscles • Biceps Brachii • Supinator in the forearm, acts to flex the elbow • Brachialis • Acts as an elbow flexor • Brachioradialis • Elbow flexor

  14. Elbow Flexors / Extensors – Posterior Triceps brachii (short head) Triceps brachii (long head) .

  15. Motions of Muscles • Triceps Brachii • Main extensor of the forearm • Has three heads • Short, long and medial

  16. Muscles of the Forearm – Anterior Biceps brachii Brachioradialis

  17. Muscles of the Forearm – Posterior Triceps brachii (lateral head) Brachioradialis

  18. Extrinsic Hand Muscles – Anterior Flexor carpiradialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpiulnaris Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

  19. Extrinsic Hand Muscles – Posterior Extensor carpiradialislongus Extensor digitorum Extensor carpiulnaris Extensor carpiradialisbrevis Extensor digitorumminimis

  20. Motions of Muscles • Using the wrist as an example, deduce the muscles that are responsible for the movements that happen around that joint. • What are the movements around the wrist? • Flexors • Flexes hand and wrist • Adducts and abducts wrist • Extensors • Extends hand and wrist • Adducts and abducts wrist

  21. Muscle Contractions • What are the 3 types of muscle contractions? • Concentric (___________) • Ex. Bicep shortens when lifting an object • Eccentric (____________) • Ex. Bicep lengthens when putting same object down • Isometric (________) • When trying to lift an immovable object!

  22. Back to the Questions: • What are the three types of muscle contractions in the body? • How can you remember which muscles move a specific joint? • What happens to the muscles at a specific joint during each type of muscle contraction?

  23. Antagonist vs. Agonist Muscles • How do muscles work together in the human body? • One muscles (extensor) is required to move the bone in the opposite direction and stretches opposite the muscle (flexor) • The flexor and extensor in this case are described as anatagonistic muscles

  24. Antagonist vs. Agonist Muscles • Agonist Muscle • The muscle primarily responsible for movement of a body part • Antagonist Muscle • Muscle that contracts the agonist, lengthening when the agonist muscle contracts

  25. Antagonistic Pairs • What are some example of Antagonist and Agonist muscles in the upper limb? • Biceps Brachii and Triceps Brachii • When you Flex your Biceps, your triceps extends • Deltoid and LatissimusDorsi • When you abduct your shoulder your deltoid flexes and your latissimusdorsi extends

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