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Understanding Fault Formation and Earthquake Mechanics: Forces Inside the Earth

This article explores the intricate processes behind fault formation and earthquake mechanics within the Earth. We discuss the elastic limit of rocks and how they bend or stretch before breaking, leading to fault motion. The three types of forces—tension, compression, and shear—affect rock behavior, resulting in different fault types: normal, reverse, and strike-slip. As rocks on either side of a fault interact, stress builds up until it causes an earthquake, manifested through vibrations from breaking rocks. Gain insight into the dynamic interactions that shape our planet.

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Understanding Fault Formation and Earthquake Mechanics: Forces Inside the Earth

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Forces Inside Earth

  2. Fault Formation • elastic limit= how far a rock will bend and stretch • Elastic deformation= forces that cause rocks to bend and stretch out of shape • Faults= when rocks are bent and stretched beyond the limit and break and move along surface can move up, down, or sideways

  3. Motion along Faults Causes Earthquakes • As rocks along a fault move, they catch on each other. • This causes rocks to stop moving, and stress builds up. • Rocks bend and stretch beyond elastic limit, they break, move along fault, and return to original shapes. An earthquake results from vibrations caused when rocks break.

  4. 3 Types of Forces

  5. 3 Types of Force • Tension  pulls rocks apart

  6. 3 Types of Force • Compression squeezes rock together

  7. 3 Types of Force • Shear Causes rocks on either side of the fault to slide past each other

  8. 3 Types of Faults

  9. 3 Types of Faults Normal • tension force pulls apart rocks • Rocks above the fault surface moves downward

  10. 3 Types of Faults Reverse • compression squeezes rocks • Rocks above the fault surface moves up & over

  11. 3 Types of Faults Strike-slip • Shear forces slide past without moving up or down • Rocks slide past each other in different directions

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