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The Historical Journey of Judaism: From Ancient Patriarchs to Modern Challenges

Explore the rich and complex history of Judaism, tracing its roots from the Patriarchs in the biblical narrative to the impact of the Babylonian Exile. Discover the foundational texts such as Genesis and the Code of Hammurabi, the significance of the Ten Commandments, and the evolution of Jewish communities after the destruction of the Second Temple. Analyze the challenges faced during the Crusades, the rise of Anti-Semitism, and the emergence of Zionism, leading to the establishment of the State of Israel and ongoing issues with the Palestinians.

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The Historical Journey of Judaism: From Ancient Patriarchs to Modern Challenges

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  1. JUDAISM

  2. Biblical Patriarchs

  3. Biblical Patriarchs Gilgamesh Epic used for the basis of Genesis 1-11. It was the first great epic poem that dealt with Gilgamesh’s search for immortality and meaning of life The Patriarchal narrative begins at Genesis 12.

  4. Code of Hammurabi 1792-1750 BCEcontaining 282 rules based upon status

  5. Biblical Patriarchs • Covenant People • Ethics/morality • Monotheism • JEDP authors of Genesis

  6. Exodus to Sinai and the Ten Commandments After the Exodus from Egypt, a period of time is spent wandering in the desert until the giving of the Law The Ten Commandments were guidelines for harmonious society—not as a means to enter heaven Fence Laws soon added

  7. Hebrew Monarchy Solomon’s Templeca. 1000 BCE

  8. Prophetic Movement, Exile, and Return Prophets were social critics not predictors of the future After Solomon Israel divided north and south

  9. The Divided Kingdom

  10. The Babylonian Captivity • The fall of Judah 586 BCE • Nebuchadnezzar exported Hebrews to Babylon “By the waters of Babylon… Exiled artisans and leaders…not all the people of Israel went into exile

  11. Diaspora • With the destruction of Israel, the Jewish people started to get spread all over the world • The spun off the synagogues since the Temple wasn’t around • Rabbis began teaching responsibilities • Four groups within Judaism: • Sadducees—aristocratic leaders • Pharisees—teachers with a messianic idea • Essences—ascetics and writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls • Zealots—revolutionaries

  12. Masada,the fortress where the Zealots held off the Romans…then committed mass suicide

  13. Qumran, site of the Dead Sea Scrolls Qumran—Dead Sea Scrolls

  14. http://www.theholylandexperience.com/map/

  15. Judaism from the Crusades to the Modern World • Anti-Semitism goes back to the crucifixion • Crusades accelerated attacks against Jews • Luther added to this anti-Semitism • Ghettos ironically probably preserved Jews as a people • 4th Lateran Council did also

  16. Zionism • Started with the Dreyfus case • Herzl decides that a state of Israel was necessary and called his movement—Zionism • Then the British decided to get into the fray with Balfour Declaration • Then the Holocaust adds guilt to Western imperialism • State of Israel and the Palestinian problem

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