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Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion. Ch. 6. Why Go West: Push Factors. Civil War Eastern Farmland Costs Failed Entrepreneurs Race and Religious Persecution Competition for Jobs. Why Go West: Pull Factors. Homestead Act Settlers received 160 acres of land.

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Westward Expansion

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  1. Westward Expansion Ch. 6

  2. Why Go West: Push Factors • Civil War • Eastern Farmland Costs • Failed Entrepreneurs • Race and Religious Persecution • Competition for Jobs

  3. Why Go West: Pull Factors • Homestead Act • Settlers received 160 acres of land. • Had to be 21 year old male or head of household. • American citizen or immigrant filing for citizenship. • Built a house and lived there at least 6 months a year. • Farm land for 5 years in a row before receiving ownership. • Opportunity to strike it rich • Gold Rush!! http://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/videos#gold-rush

  4. Transcontinental Railroad • Congress provided loans and land grants for private building of the Transcontinental RR. • Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 & 1864 • Union and Central Pacific RR • 10 square miles to either side of track given to RR company • RR company sold land closest to tracks • Provided a way to ship goods across continent faster. • ICC: Interstate Commerce Act • Railroads had to charge all customers the same fee for shipping goods. • http://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/videos#transcontinental-railroad

  5. What Will We Do? - Miners • Gold discovered at Sutters Mill California, leads to Gold Rush • Towns spring up and merchants follow • Some towns were “boomtowns” meaning they were there as long as the Gold and Silver was there. • Originally used Placer mining • Once surface ores had been mined big businesses came in and mined deep seams with dynamite and Hydraulic Drill. • Many immigrants were used to do these dangerous jobs for low wages.

  6. What Will We Do? - Miners

  7. What Will We Do? - Ranchers • Learned from Mexicans • Open-Range System • Branded cattle, roamed freely, cowboys rounded them up and drove them to cow towns. • Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire ending open-range system • Gustavus Swift invents refrigerated railcar to ship meat more efficiently.

  8. What Will We Do? - Farmers • Homestead Act • Former Slaves looking for new life, “exodusters” • Settled the plains and built sod houses • Morrill Land Grant Act • States sold land to create “land grant” colleges specializing in agriculture and mechanical arts • Innovations • Dry farming • Windmill • Barbed Wire

  9. FUN MAPS!!! • http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/akh10_int_expansion/

  10. Native Americans • Just when we thought Jackson had tortured them enough… • Indians were restricted to smaller reservations • Pioneers brought diseases which they had no immunities to

  11. Native Americans: Indian Wars • Sand Creek Massacre • Colorado militia v. Cheyenne and Arapaho (who were under U.S. protection) • Battle of Little Big Horn • Black Hills Gold rush brought people to Dakotas on Sioux hunting land. • Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull lead Indians to drive out the settlers • George Custer arrived early (trying to be the big shot) with 250 men (verses 2,000 Indians). • Crazy Horse led the charge and killed Custer and his men

  12. Native American: Indian Wars • Wounded Knee • Came about in response to the Ghost Dance • Government was trying to arrest Sitting Bull • Confrontation ensued and Sitting Bull was killed • Troops then went after Indians who fled • Hostilities at Wounded Knee • 100 innocent lives lost • Ended the Indian Wars

  13. Native Americans: Assimilation and Dawes Act • Now that you lost be like us… • Policy makers hoped to assimilate Native Americans into White American ways. (page 167) • Encouraged to go to boarding schools • Accept alternate ways of life • Dawes Act • Granted each Native American family 160 acres of farmland • Land would no longer be shared • Granted American citizenship

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