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French Revolution Overview: Causes, Events, and Impact

Learn about the Three Estates, Enlightenment ideas, reign of terror, and key figures like Louis XVI and Robespierre in the French Revolution. Understand the stages, aims, and consequences of one of history's most significant revolutions.

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French Revolution Overview: Causes, Events, and Impact

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  1. French Revolution

  2. The Three Estates • First Estate • Clergy from the Roman Catholic Church • Provided education and relief services to the poor • Owned 10% of the land; paid 2% of income in taxes • Second Estate • Rich Nobles (2% of Population) • Owned about 20% of land; paid little or no taxes • These Estates felt threatened by the Enlightenment

  3. The Third Estate • About 97% of the Population divided into 3 groups • Bourgeoisie (middle class)- bankers, merchants, factory owners • Often well educated, believed in enlightenment ideals had as much money as nobles but paid high taxes and lacked privileges • Felt they were entitled to more social status and political power

  4. The Third Estate • Workers in cities were the poorest members of the Third Estate • Paid low wages and often out of work • Peasants made up about 80% of the French population • Paid about half their income in some sort of tax

  5. Enlightenment Ideas • Liberty, Equality and Democracy • Success of the American Revolution • Inspired members of the Third Estate

  6. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette • Weak leaders • Ignored economic hardships of country • Unpopular Queen with expensive tastes

  7. Dawn of Revolution • Rep of Third Estate create “National Assembly” • Tennis Court Oath • Storm the Bastille • July 14, 1789 • Great Fear

  8. Stages of the Revolution • Declaration of the rights of Man • Men are born equal, are free. Rights to life liberty and property • Louis XVI attempts to escape • Jacobins – took control September 1792 Radical group led by Jean-Paul Marat; called for killing any that opposed the revolution

  9. Jacobins • Radical group led by Jean-Paul Marat; called for killing any that opposed the revolution • Found Louis XVI guilty of treason and sentenced him to death • Robespierre took over the Jacobins in 1793

  10. Robespierre • Wanted to build “Republic of Virtue” • Attempted to erase France’s past • Created new calendar with no Sunday; closed churches • Headed Committee on Public Safety • Caused the “Reign of Terror”

  11. Reign of Terror • July 1793-July 1794; unknown how many died up 40,000 • Committee of Public Safety sought to protect the revolution from enemies • Ended with Robespierre’s death • Moderates will return to power and bring order

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