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French Revolution

French Revolution. The Three Estates. First Estate Clergy from the Roman Catholic Church Provided education and relief services to the poor Owned 10% of the land; paid 2% of income in taxes Second Estate Rich Nobles (2% of Population) Owned about 20% of land; paid little or no taxes

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution

  2. The Three Estates • First Estate • Clergy from the Roman Catholic Church • Provided education and relief services to the poor • Owned 10% of the land; paid 2% of income in taxes • Second Estate • Rich Nobles (2% of Population) • Owned about 20% of land; paid little or no taxes • These Estates felt threatened by the Enlightenment

  3. The Third Estate • About 97% of the Population divided into 3 groups • Bourgeoisie (middle class)- bankers, merchants, factory owners • Often well educated, believed in enlightenment ideals had as much money as nobles but paid high taxes and lacked privileges • Felt they were entitled to more social status and political power

  4. The Third Estate • Workers in cities were the poorest members of the Third Estate • Paid low wages and often out of work • Peasants made up about 80% of the French population • Paid about half their income in some sort of tax

  5. Enlightenment Ideas • Liberty, Equality and Democracy • Success of the American Revolution • Inspired members of the Third Estate

  6. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette • Weak leaders • Ignored economic hardships of country • Unpopular Queen with expensive tastes

  7. Dawn of Revolution • Rep of Third Estate create “National Assembly” • Tennis Court Oath • Storm the Bastille • July 14, 1789 • Great Fear

  8. Stages of the Revolution • Declaration of the rights of Man • Men are born equal, are free. Rights to life liberty and property • Louis XVI attempts to escape • Jacobins – took control September 1792 Radical group led by Jean-Paul Marat; called for killing any that opposed the revolution

  9. Jacobins • Radical group led by Jean-Paul Marat; called for killing any that opposed the revolution • Found Louis XVI guilty of treason and sentenced him to death • Robespierre took over the Jacobins in 1793

  10. Robespierre • Wanted to build “Republic of Virtue” • Attempted to erase France’s past • Created new calendar with no Sunday; closed churches • Headed Committee on Public Safety • Caused the “Reign of Terror”

  11. Reign of Terror • July 1793-July 1794; unknown how many died up 40,000 • Committee of Public Safety sought to protect the revolution from enemies • Ended with Robespierre’s death • Moderates will return to power and bring order

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