1. Community Organization Theory and Models 報告日期：2012/09/27 報告學生：溫孟璇 參考書籍：Occupational Therapy in Community-based Practice Settings, p.76-79

2. Definition • Community organization • “The process by which community groups are helped to identify common or goals, mobilize resources, and in other ways develop and implement strategies for reaching goals they have set.” • Minkler, 1990

3. Associated Terms • Citizen participation • Mobilization of citizens • To improve the condition in the community • Community development • For economic and social progress • With active participation of community • Community organization • Individuals, groups, and organizations • Action to influence social problem

4. Associated Terms • Community participation • Involve people in decisions • Empowered community • Apply their skills and resources • Grassroots participation • Bottom-up efforts of people • On their own behalf • Macro practice • Professional

5. Ross(1967) • Develop strategies to respond to specific needs and problems • Individual have the ability to change • Be involved in change-making process • Internal motivation>external • Holistic>Fragmented • Cooperative participation & action • Need assistance

6. Methods of community organization • Rothman

7. The Peace Corps • American volunteer program run by the United States government • The program's purpose: • To promote world peace and friendship • qualified for service abroad and willing to serve • The program was issued by President John F. Kennedy on March 1, 1961. • Since 1961, over 200,000 Americans have joined and have served in 139 countries.

8. The United Way of America • based in Alexandria, Virginia • non-profit organization: • nearly 1,300 offices • to pool efforts in fundraising and support • Goal: identifying and resolving community issues • The main focus areas include education, income and health.

9. Steps of community organization Recognizing the problem Getting entry into the community Organizing the people Identifying the specific problem Determining the priorities and setting goals Arriving at a solution and selecting intervention activities Implementing the plan Evaluating the outcomes of the plan of action Managing the outcomes in the community Looping back

10. Potential conflict • Flick et al.(1994) • Combining conflict management knowledge with empowerment education theory • Example: long-term partnership • Early recognition of conflict • Conflict analysis • Conflict management

11. OT Practice • Early detection and resolution of conflict • Example: homeless shelter • Evaluate the efficacy of intervention

12. Steps of community organization Recognizing the problem Getting entry into the community Organizing the people Identifying the specific problem Determining the priorities and setting goals Arriving at a solution and selecting intervention activities Implementing the plan Evaluating the outcomes of the plan of action Managing the outcomes in the community Looping back

13. OT Practice • Early detection and resolution of conflict • Example: homeless shelter • Evaluate the efficacy of intervention

14. Thank you for your listening!