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Microbial Diseases :

Microbial Diseases :. Tuberculosis (TB). Symptoms of Tuberculosis:. ~chest pain ~coughing up blood ~a productive, prolonged cough for more than three weeks ~fever ~chills ~night sweats ~appetite loss ~weight loss ~pallor ~often a tendency to fatigue(exhaustion) very

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Microbial Diseases :

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  1. Microbial Diseases: Tuberculosis (TB)

  2. Symptoms of Tuberculosis: ~chest pain ~coughing up blood ~a productive, prolonged cough for more than three weeks ~fever ~chills ~night sweats ~appetite loss ~weight loss ~pallor ~often a tendency to fatigue(exhaustion) very easily.

  3. How TB is caused: TB is caused by the micro-organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB infection begins when the mycobacterium reach the pulmonary alveoli- found in the lung- where they replicate. Bacteria are picked up by dendritic cells (immune cells) which do not allow replication, although these cells can transport the bacilli to local lymph nodes (small organ in the immune system). Further spread is through the bloodstream to other tissues and organs where secondary TB lesions can develop in other parts of the lung, peripheral lymph nodes, kidneys, brain, and bone. All parts of the body can be affected by the disease, though it rarely affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas (gland organ in the digestive system) and thyroid. If TB bacteria gain entry to the bloodstream from an area of damaged tissue they spread through the body and set up many foci of infection, all appearing as tiny white tubercles in the tissues. Upon cure, affected areas are eventually replaced by scar tissue.

  4. Transmission and Prevention People with TB and their contacts are identified and then treated. Identification of infections often involves testing high-risk groups for TB. children are vaccinated to protect them from TB. No vaccine is available that provides reliable protection for adults. However, in tropical areas where the levels of other species of mycobacteria are high, exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria ( a mycobacteria that doesn't cause TB ) gives some protection against TB. People with prolonged, frequent, or intense contact are at particularly high risk of becoming infected, with an estimated 22% infection rate. A person with active but untreated tuberculosis can infect 10–15 other people per year.Others at risk include people in areas where TB is common, people who inject drugs using unsanitary needles, medically under-served and low-income populations, high-risk racial or ethnic minority populations and children exposed to adults in high-risk categories. ~Humans are the only host of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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