Nervous System: Injuries , Diseases, Disorders

1. Nervous System:Injuries, Diseases, Disorders

2. _______, __________ or ______ reflex responses indicate problems with portions of the _______ __________. • Reflex testing helps determine __________ of injury in _______ or ______________ Damages to the Reflex Arc & Spinal Cord Injuries

3. ____ Pairs of spinal nerves with ____ different categories • __________ nerves connect to the shoulders, arms, hands and diaphragm. • ___________ nerves to chest and abdomen • ____________ nerves to the lower back and parts of the leg • ____________ to the buttocks, genitals and most areas of the legs and feet Spinal Nerves

4. Complete Vs. Partial Transection • Injury can be due to _______ or ________ • Nerves ________ the injury site may still functions properly but ____ those below • What injury may be worst a C6 or T8? Spinal Cord Injuries

5. Quadriplegia • _______________ • _______________ • Paraplegia • _______________ • _______________ Quadriplegia & Paraplegia

6. Source: National Center For Catastrophic Sports Injury Research, Journal of the American Medical Association. How does this impact Athletics?

7. Facts • On average, 80% of newly injured are male • Majority are preventable, involved alcohol, poor decisions • 12 – 5 am is most popular time of day • Costs in Ontario exceed 1 million dollars per year • 50:50 paraplegic / quadriplegic Causes • Car Accidents ______% • Falls ______% • Sports ______% • Others (including gunshots, industrial accidents) ______% Facts and Causes

8. Causes of SCI & Paralysis (continued…)

9. According to a study initiated by the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation: • There are nearly ____ in ____ people living with paralysis: approximately ________ people • That's the same number of people as the combined populations of Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. Prevalence of Paralysis

10. Source: University of Alabama National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • Average yearly expenses can range from $228,566 to $775,567 in the _________. • Estimated lifetime costs due to spinal cord injury can range from $681,843 to over $3 million for a _________. • 87.9% of all spinal cord injured individuals are discharged from hospitals to private homes Cost of Paralysis…

11. Extensive _____________, occupational therapy, ___________, counseling • Maintain _____________________________ • ________________________ and retraining • _____________________ (transfers) • Try to enhance functions of limbs Rehabilitation

12. Franklin D. Roosevelt (Paraplegic) • President of the U.S.A. • Rick Hanson (Paraplegic) • Canadian Paralympian • Stephan Hawking (Quadriplegic) • Physicist – Lateral Sclerosis • Christopher Reeves (Quadriplegic) • Superman – Equestrian Accident • Mike Utley (Quadriplegic) • NFL Lineman • Mark Zupan (Paraplegic) • Wheelchair Rugby – Auto Accident (Murderball) Famous Spinal Cord Injuries

13. Injuries, diseases and disorders involving the brain

14. Damage to the cerebellum (mini brain) • Muscles acting on joints that normally move together become jerky • Difficulty carrying out movements and tremors with movements • __________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ Cerebellar Damage

15. Basal Ganglia is important for _______ ______________ • Signs and Symptoms: • Sudden twitching • Slower movement • Increased muscle tone • Violent flailing movement • Rigidity • Tremors • Damage can cause: • __________________________________ • __________________________________ • __________________________________ Basal Ganglia

16. _______________ (CP) • ___________________ • ______________ (MS) • _____________________________ (ALS) • ___________________ Common Nerve Disorders and Diseases

17. ________________ neurologic disease • ______________ are damaged • Results from a __________ early in life (ie. Hypoxia, Birth Complications) • Type depends on _______ the brain is injured • Symptoms of CP • Visual defects • Seizures • Psychological problems • Hearing defects • Other sensory loss • Intellectual impairments Cerebral Palsy

18. A disorder in which groups of ____________ ___________ signals Symptoms: • Abnormal sensations, emotions and behaviour • __________________________ • __________________________ • __________________________ • Loss of consciousness Treatment • _________ cure • ________ and surgical techniques can control seizures Epilepsy

19. A disease of the ______ that disrupts _________ between the ______ and other parts of the body Symptoms • ________ problems • ________ weakness • Impaired _______________ • Numbness in extremities • Paralysis (advanced MS). Treatment • ______ cure • Medication and steroids can help _______________ symptoms. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

20. A _________ progressing, _______ disease that attacks the _______ _______ that control ___________ muscles Symptoms: • __________ or cramping in one area of the body (especially hands or feet) • Followed by ______ of voluntary _________ ___________ in that area • Later __________ to all other regions of the ___________. Treatment: • ___________ and __________ (2-5 years from diagnosis) • _______ standard course of treatment ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Aka Lou Gehrig’s Disease

22. A progressive ___________________ disorder that can cause minor tremors or severe disability. Symptoms • Trembling in _______, _______, legs, jaw and ________ • Stiffness of limbs and trunk • _____________ or movement • Difficulty ____________________ and ______________. Treatment • _______ cure • Meds such as “levodopa” and “carbidopa” provide relief from symptoms. Parkinson’s Disease