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Grain Storage Considerations

Grain Storage Considerations. Sam McNeill Extension Agricultural Engineer UKREC – Princeton, KY 270-365-7541 x 213 Email: sam.mcneill@uky.edu Web: www.bae.uky.edu. Grain Storage Systems. Conventional bins/silos Horizontal storage. Storage Consideration Topics:.

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Grain Storage Considerations

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  1. Grain Storage Considerations Sam McNeillExtension Agricultural EngineerUKREC – Princeton, KY 270-365-7541 x 213 Email: sam.mcneill@uky.edu Web: www.bae.uky.edu

  2. Grain Storage Systems • Conventional bins/silos • Horizontal storage

  3. Storage Consideration Topics: Storage capacity & prices in KY Safety considerations Physical and biological considerations Storage management Other resources More info @bae.uky.edu

  4. Grain Storage Capacity in KY

  5. Cash Corn Price: Ohio Valley

  6. How often should I check my grain? • 2-weeks until cooled • 2-4 weeks during winter • Temperature • Moisture • Insects

  7. When Inspecting Stored Grain Always Work in Pairs !

  8. Grain Inspection Tools • PPE – harness / dust masks • Portable moisture meter • Thermometer • Grain/insect probe • Bucket /container • Psychrometer

  9. Grain Storage Considerations How to minimize spoilage? • Control grain moisture • Control grain temperature • Control grain condition

  10. Allowable Storage Time (days) Source: ASABE

  11. Losses Caused by Insects and Molds • Heating • Weight loss • Decreased germination • Mycotoxins • Price discounts

  12. Temperature Influence on Insects Source: P. Fields, USDA 1992

  13. Molds Like a Warm Environment

  14. Molds Like Moisture • Each mold species has its own moisture preference • Molds grow faster as moisture increases

  15. Equilibrium MC for Corn

  16. Summer Winter Safe Storage Conditions for Corn

  17. Safe Storage Moistures

  18. Adjustments to Recommended Storage Moistures Need to lower moisture content if: Low testweight Broken and foreign material Non-aerated storage Pre-harvest mold damage Storage structure

  19. Storage Tips to Control Risks • Clean grain prior to binning • Operate augers at capacity and slowest speed possible • Check grain moisture going into storage • Screen grain for mycotoxins • S.L.A.M.

  20. Bin Loading • Manage trash and fines • Control grain damage by combine • Use a spreader to fill the bin • Remove fines/trash from the bin center (core)

  21. Manage Trash and Fines

  22. Core after Filling to Remove Light Wheat Kernels

  23. Winter Moisture Migration 35OF 75OF

  24. Grain Spoilage from Moisture Migration • Uniform Temperatures • Prevent moisture migration • Preserves product quality

  25. Stored Grain Temperatures in KY

  26. Aeration Cooling Cycle

  27. Estimated Time for Aeration Cycles (Hours)

  28. Airflow in 30-ft bin with 10 hp fan

  29. Cost of 3 Aeration CyclesExample for 30-ft bin @ 10¢/kwh

  30. Five Day Forecast for Jan. 21, 2004 Avg. Hi: 46 Lo: 33 5d: 40 Source: wpsdtv.com

  31. 30 26 14.5 Hourly Temperatures for Princeton, KY Total fan hours = 70.5 Date

  32. Off-the-shelf Fan Control with Thermostats COOLING HEATING HOUR METER THERMOSTAT THERMOSTAT RELAY Sept. 55 - 65 Oct. 45 - 55 FAN Nov. 35 - 45

  33. agsense.net opistormax.com Commercial Fan Controllers agridryllc.com

  34. Temperature Cable System Thermocouple sensor cables Cable suspension system Lead wire extension Readout plug Displayinstrument D C B A A B C D

  35. Automated Insect Monitoringwww.opistormax.com

  36. Automated Insect Monitoring

  37. OPIGIMAC Temperature and Insect Monitoring, Aeration Fan Control System

  38. Resources • Midwest Plan Servicemwps.org • Agricultural Engineering Departments in Midwest…at UK bae.uky.edu • GEAPSgeaps.org • USDA Grain Lab in KSars.usda.gov • GrainNetgrainnet.com

  39. Questions ? Sam McNeill Extension Agricultural Engineer University of Kentucky Research and Education Center sam.mcneill@uky.edu270-365-7541 x 213 Mike Montross Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering michael.montross@uky.edu 859-257-3000 x106

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