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AP Language and Composition

AP Language and Composition. The Goal (in its simplest form) skilled readers of prose skilled writers expository , analytical and argumentative writing that forms the basis of academic and professional communication, as well as the personal and reflective writing

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AP Language and Composition

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  1. AP Language and Composition • The Goal (in its simplest form) • skilled readers of prose • skilled writers • expository, analytical and argumentative writing that forms the basis of academic and professional communication, as well as the personal and reflective writing • How does one gain such skills? • Awareness (again, in its simplest form) • Subject, audience, purpose • Genre and language = effective writing

  2. Rhetoric and the Ancient Greeks • Importance placed on formal debate • Critical thinking was encouraged • Public choices were made based on the persuasive effectiveness of orators • Formal debates were used to resolve differences • Patterns of debate • Speeches of equal length delivered by opposing sides • Accusations met by rebuttals

  3. The Five canons of Rhetoric • Invention: Finding ways to persuade • Arrangement: Putting together the structure of a coherent argument • Style: Presenting the argument to stir the emotions • Memory: Speaking without having to prepare or memorize a speech • Delivery: Making effective use of voice, gesture, etc.

  4. Aristotle: The Rhetorical Triangle Audience Speaker’s Subject Persona Subject: what you know, what you need to know; research Audience: consider the reader’s expectations, knowledge, and attitude Speaker’s Persona: the speaker’s voice of the paper; a compilation of experience, observation to bring purpose to the work.

  5. A new view of the same idea(Deconstructing Nonfiction) • PAPA • Purpose/Audience/Persona/Argument • SOAPST • Speaker/Occasion/Audience/Purpose/Subject/Tone

  6. revised Rhetorical Triangle Critical Reading Strategies AudiencePurpose Subject/ Speaker’s Occasion Persona Subject: what you know, what you need to know; Occasion: The time, place, context, or current situation of the piece. Audience: consider the reader’s expectations, knowledge, and attitude Purpose: The reason behind the text; such as, to inform, to persuade. Speaker’s Persona: the speaker’s voice of the paper; a compilation of experience and observation to bring purpose to the work.

  7. Rhetorical Appeals • Ethos • Ethical appeal • Author’s credibility • Pathos • Author’s appeal to a reader’s emotions • Logos • Author’s appeal to reason and logic

  8. Author’s Style • A simple start: • Diction – the words the author uses • Formal, colloquial, technical • Connotation; denotation • Concrete vs. abstract; general vs. specific • Imagery– visuals; use of sensory details • Details – facts and/or items • Consider what is NOT stated • Language – figures of speech; tropes • Syntax – simply put: sentence structure

  9. The Art of the Personal Essay • Critique the assigned essay, identifying the following elements: • Revised Rhetorical Triangle • Rhetorical Appeals • Author’s Style • Include specific examples from the text. • Each student is responsible for taking notes on this assignment.

  10. 1. On Noise • 2. On Some Verses of Virgil • 3. Nicolini and the Lions • 4. Such, Such Were the Joys • 5. The Crack Up • 6. My Confession • 7. Goodbye to All That

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