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Plate Tectonics Study Guide

Plate Tectonics Study Guide. Layers of the Earth. From the surface of the Earth the layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Lithosphere. The Lithosphere is the Earth’s crust and the upper part of the mantle. This layer contains the tectonic plates on Earth. Asthenosphere.

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Plate Tectonics Study Guide

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  1. Plate Tectonics Study Guide

  2. Layers of the Earth • From the surface of the Earth the layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

  3. Lithosphere • The Lithosphere is the Earth’s crust and the upper part of the mantle. This layer contains the tectonic plates on Earth.

  4. Asthenosphere • The Asthenosphere is the layer of liquid magma in the mantle below the Lithosphere. A convection current occurs in the asthenosphere causing the Earth’s plates to move.

  5. Pangaea & Continental Drift • Alfred Wegener believed that all of the continents were once connected into a super continent landmass called Pangaea. Wegener believed that over time the continents drifted apart. This theory is called Continental Drift.

  6. Evidence of Continental Drift • Same fossils found on different continents • Continents fitting like puzzle pieces • Migration paths of animals • Rock structures

  7. Sea Floor Spreading • The sea floor spreads at mid-ocean ridges. • Mid-oceans ridges are under water mountain chains. • Magma rises at mid-ocean ridges, solidifies, and new crust forms. • Older Crust is pushed farther away from the ridge closer to the continents. • Scientists discovered that the rocks farther away from the ridge were older because they were able to examinerock samples from drilling on the sea floor.

  8. Sea Floor Spreading cont. • Here is an image of how the magma flows from the mid-ocean ridges:

  9. Mid-Atlantic Ridge • This is the largest mid-ocean ridge and the longest mountain chain in the world.

  10. Plate Boundaries • There are three main types: Divergent , Convergent, and Transform. Convergent Transform Divergent

  11. Divergent Plate Boundary • Boundary between two plates that are moving apart • Crustal Features=mid ocean ridges at two ocean plates and rift valleys at continental plates

  12. Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates Plates move away from each other Arabian Plate Red Sea African Plate

  13. Convergent Plate Boundaries • Boundaries between two plates that are colliding • There are 3 types of convergent plate boundary collisions: Ocean-Ocean Ocean-Continent Continent-Continent

  14. Convergent Boundaries Continental-Oceanic Collisions Oceanic-Oceanic Collisions Continental-Continental Collisions

  15. Subduction • Subduction is the process of a denser crust sinking beneath a less dense crust and back into the mantle. This occurs at Convergent Plate boundaries. This causes trenches and volcanoes. Active volcanoes are only located at plate boundaries.

  16. Oceanic-ContinentalCollisions • Continental plate and oceanic plate collide • The denser oceanic plate sinks (subducts) beneath the less-dense continental crust • Trenches are found at this kind of plate boundary.

  17. Oceanic-Oceanic Collisions • Oceanic plate collides with another oceanic plate • The denser of the 2 oceanic plates sinks (subducts) • Volcanic islands are formed at this boundary. • Trenches are found at this kind of plate boundary as well.

  18. Continental-Continental Collisions • A continental plate colliding with another continental plate • This collision causes mountains ranges on the middle of continents. • The Himalayas Mnts. in Asia are an example of this kind of collision.

  19. Transform Plate Boundaries • Boundary between two plates that slip past each other moving in opposite directions • Theses boundaries create faults, such as the San Andreas fault. Earthquakes form along these faults. San Andreas Fault

  20. Transform Boundaries • Here is the San Andreas fault. It is an example of a transform boundary. • The Pacific plate (west of fault) is moving northwest • The North American plate (east of fault) is moving southeast Pacific Plate

  21. Topographic Maps • These maps show detailed shapes of Earth’s surface. It represents different elevations specifically on mountains. • Topographic maps contain contour lines that represent the elevations. When the Contour lines are close together, it indicates a steep slope.

  22. Ring of Fire • A long chain of active volcanoes and other tectonic features such as earthquakes at the plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific plate

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