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Plate tectonics explains the Earth's dynamic surface, shaped by the interactions of its internal layers. The crust, or lithosphere, is a solid layer varying from 3-10 km thick under oceans to up to 70 km thick beneath continents. Below lies the mantle, composed of semi-molten rock, where convection currents drive tectonic plate movements. The outer core is made of molten iron, while the inner core, reaching temperatures up to 5000°C, remains solid. This intricate structure is key to understanding geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanic activity.
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