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Understanding DC and AC Microgrids: Key Concepts and Control Strategies

This course explores the fundamentals of DC and AC microgrids, distinguishing them from traditional power systems. Participants will learn about the roles of different microgrid components, the significance of control strategies like Master-Slave and Droop Control, and the importance of adaptive protection mechanisms. The course covers various topologies for microgrids, the operation of active power control, and essential considerations for fault current limitation. Ideal for students with a background in electrical circuits, control theory, and power systems.

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Understanding DC and AC Microgrids: Key Concepts and Control Strategies

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  1. DC and AC Microgrids Prof. Pavol Bauer Dr. Laura Ramírez

  2. Contents • Required Knowledge • Course Overview: Whatyou’lllearn • edX Course • Reader • Detailed Learning Objectives 2

  3. Required Knowledge • This course is intendedforstudentswiththefollowing background: • Fundamentals of electrical circuits and power systems • Power Electronic Conversion • Basics on Control Theory • Basics on Matlabmodelling 3

  4. Overview: Whatyou’lllearn • The difference between a microgrid, a passive distribution grid and a virtual power plant • The difference between internal and external markets for microgrids, including a description of the key actors involved • Operation of centralized and decentralized control • Operation of active power control and voltage regulation • Evaluation of different strategies to control multiple inverters and to analyze local control to improve stability • Different layouts and topologies of microgrids and power electronic components, and the role of power electronics converters in microgrids • Microgrid protection, adaptive protection, and the consequences of using a fault current source and fault current limitation • Main motivations and challenges of DC microgrids

  5. Course Overview: Four Layers of Microgrids 5

  6. edX Course 6

  7. Reader

  8. Detailed Learning Objectives Prof. Pavol Bauer Dr. Laura Ramírez

  9. Definitions and Basic Concepts 9

  10. Electrical Components & Layouts • Classify the role of different components of a microgrid (like PV solar systems) • Differentiate architectures (topologies) of a microgrid • Identify needed converters depending on topology for different components 10

  11. Control (1) • Understand primary, secondary, and tertiary control in conventional power systems and microgrids • Describe and make calculation related to the operation of active and reactive power in resistive and inductive lines • Explain and discuss the following control strategies for multiple inverters: Master Slave Control Scheme, Droop Control Implementation, Secondary Control Loops • Explain how can local controls can enhance the performance of microgrids (assignment) 11

  12. Control (2) • Classify different communication and standards in microgrids • Explain the following concepts: microgridcentral controller (MGCC), distribution management system (DMS) • Describe the difference between centralized, distributed, and decentralized control • List the key attributes that affect the performance of the control algorithms • Discuss the importance of using forecasting for the control of a microgrid • Differentiate business models in a microgrid 12

  13. DC Microgrids • Mention some of the main motivations to opt for DC microgrids • Mention some of the main challenges for the implementation of DC microgrids • Describe the topologies that are suitable for DC microgrids 13

  14. Protection • Describe the main challenges of protection in AC and DC microgrids • Classify various protection schemes applicable in Microgrids • Explain the concept of adaptive protection for microgrids • Analyse a case study for a centralized adaptive protection system for a LV microgrid • Describe the effect of fault current limitation in microgrids • Understand grounding aspects in microgrids 14

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