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World War I: The War At Home

World War I: The War At Home. 1914-1920. Mobilizing Workers. 100s of 1,000s of men drafted & immigration slowed= labor shortage U nionized workers went on strike D emanded higher wages & benefits (nearly 4,500 strikes w/ more than a million workers in 1917)

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World War I: The War At Home

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  1. World War I: The War At Home 1914-1920

  2. Mobilizing Workers • 100s of 1,000s of men drafted & immigration slowed= labor shortage • Unionized workers went on strike • Demanded higher wages & benefits (nearly 4,500 strikes w/ more than a million workers in 1917) • Conditions improved throughout the war

  3. Mobilizing Workers • Pres. Wilson established the National War Labor Board • Settled disputes between workers & employers, in favor of labor most of the time • Union membership grew • Labor shortage strengthened unions & change

  4. Organizer Labor • # of women working grew (mechanics, bricklayers, metalworkers, railroad engineers, truck drivers) Considered it their patriotic duty • Planned wartime mobilization, sat on agency’s that organized support • Produced 1 important political change= 19th Amendment

  5. Volunteerism • Patriotism swept the country • Conserved, recycled, planted • Juliette Low- Girl Scouts nationwide • Worked directly w/ Food Admin.

  6. Great Migration North • Job opportunities & higher wages= important pop shift • Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North, 1915-1930 • Escaped discrimination, difficult living & working conditions

  7. Great Migration North • Better standard of living, but racial violence cont. • 7/2/1917- East St. Louis- wartime incident= white rioters in black neighborhoods, 39 dead

  8. Influencing Attitudes • Wilson wanted support for the war • Committee on Public Info • Propaganda to encourage ppl • Pamphlets warning citizens German spies

  9. Influencing Attitudes • Hollywood joined in • Patriotic organizations formed to identify “spies & traitors” • German citizens suffered • Americanization

  10. Suppressing Opposition • Opposition=Traitors- experienced violence • Socialist Party- nations were using working ppl as tools in a capitalist struggle for control of world markets

  11. Suppressing Opposition • Congress passed= Espionage Act & Sedition Act • Crime to speak/write any criticism the gov’t/war/draft

  12. Suppressing Opposition • Many believed this violated the 1st Amendment • Supreme Court disagreed= Schenck v. United States • Wartime permits greater restrictions on free speech

  13. Quick Review • How did organized labor and women benefit economically and politically from the war effort? • How did the average individual volunteer to help in the war effort and how did Juliette Low contribute? • Explain the reasons for the Great Migration and the aftermath? • What did the government do to rally support for the war? • What did the government do to suppress the opposition to the war?

  14. Activity: Pro-War Propaganda • Partners • Create a pamphlet or a poster that would have been used in the U.S. to promote the war and/or discourage opposition towards the war.

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