1 / 31

OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture

OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture. Nature: Genetics. Hair color. Skin color. freckles. Widows peak. gene. Eye color. Deoxyribonucleic Acid. chromosomes. DNA means ______________________ Make up your ____________________.

tudor
Télécharger la présentation

OntoGenetics Nature vs. Nurture

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. OntoGeneticsNature vs. Nurture

  2. Nature: Genetics

  3. Hair color Skin color freckles Widows peak gene Eye color

  4. Deoxyribonucleic Acid chromosomes • DNA means ______________________ • Make up your ____________________. • Consists of many _____________ that genetically code for each of your _________. genes traits What happens if the “code” fails or is changed??? ______________________ Mutation

  5. Protein Synthesis How traits are made... RNA Copies DNA gene code DNA PROTEIN that makes your eyes blue!!

  6. Sex Chromosomes Autosomes determines gender Determines everything else!!

  7. Sex-linked genes • Located on the sex chromosome (usually the X since it’s much larger than the Y). • Called “sex-linked” genes • popular examples are Color Blindness, Fragile X syndrome, Muscular Dystrophy, and Hemophilia Why are they different? Mom Dad X X X Y Determines NOT ONLY SEX, but also many sex characteristics!! MALE X Y FEMALE X X

  8. Mom Dad X X X Y Color Blindness X X Carrier female X Y Normal male X X Carrier Female X Y Normal male Why can Dad NOT pass on the defect to his sons???

  9. Mom Dad X X X Y Color Blindness X X Carrier female X Y affected male X X Normal Female X Y Normal male Which gender does Mom pass the defect on to??

  10. A female with a defective X has a 2nd “good X” to compensate for the problem • A male, on the other hand, only has one X, so if he gets a defective one, he’s stuck with the disorder! • Males can not pass on their defect to a son. Why? • _____________________________________________________ Males do not pass on an X to a son, only a Y What is the only way for a female to have the disorder? ______________________________________________________ If she gets 2 BAD X’s, one from each parent!

  11. Sex-Limited Genes Since only men go bald, you might think the balding gene is on the sex chromosome, but it’s not. It’s found on the 11th. Why then, don’t more women show baldness? • Genes that are present in both sexes, but influences only one. • Found on autosomes (not sex), but has effect on only one sex. • Ex: Chest hair, baldness, and breast size in humans.

  12. Heritability Is a trait inherited or is it learned from experience….. NATURE vs. NURTURE Are you a good singer because of your genes, or because you practice a lot? Heritability is a mathematical proportion indicating the extent of inheritance and/or the extent of non-inheritable factors (such as environment). SCALE 0 1 100% environmental “low heritability” 100% inherited “high heritability”

  13. Heritability • Adopted children • Resembling their adoptive parents would indicate... • Resembling their biological parents would indicate… Low heritability High heritability

  14. HERITABLITY (cont.) “Monozygotic twins ” Identical twins (same DNA) “Dizygotic twins” Fraternal twins (different DNA) Where on the heritability scale would these scenarios fall? Strong resemblance in monozygotic twins?? High heritability Equal resemblance in both sets of twins?? Low heritablity Most behaviors are a combination of both heredity and environmental influences!

  15. Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Genetics condition characterized by mental retardation. It is caused by diet. • Inability to metabolize the amino acid Phenylalanine. It builds up to toxic levels in people with the disorder. • Eliminate the amino acid from the diet, and eliminate its effects! • It is heritable, but can be modified by following a particular diet!!

  16. Evolution You do not carry your genes around as a way of reproducing yourself… Your genes carry you around as a way of reproducing themselves.

  17. A cat quick enough to snatch a bird successfully today might not be speedy enough to catch the next generation of birds, because only the swiftest of yesterday’s birds remain to provide offspring.

  18. Why do girls cry more often than guys?

  19. Functional

  20. Altruism

  21. Primates grooming Ants working Bees die after stinging

  22. Reciprocal Altruism • I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine. These primates help others with the understanding that that help will be returned.

  23. Altruistic behavior??

  24. Kin Selection Altruism toward a relative. Although it may be dangerous for a mother to protect her young, it ensures the passing of her genes…including the altruistic gene!! Therefore, it helps the spread of altruism within the species.

  25. Altruism Video Battle at Krueger

More Related