1 / 28

Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Industrial Hygiene.

turner
Télécharger la présentation

Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Introductionto INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

  2. Industrial Hygiene • “that science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers”

  3. History • Circa 400 BC • lead toxicity in mining (Hippocrates) • 500 years later • Pliny the Elder, a Roman scholar • zinc and sulfur hazards • protective mask

  4. History • 2nd Century AD • Galen • copper miners exposure to acid mists • 1473 • Ulrich Ellenbog • publication n occupational illness in gold miners

  5. History • 1556 • Agricola, German scholar • diseases of coal miners • preventive measures • publication - De Re Metallica • 1700’s • Bernardino Ramazzini • father of industrial hygiene

  6. OSH Act of 1970 • The purpose of the OSH Act is to “assure so far as possible every working, man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.”

  7. Environmental Factors or Stresses • Chemical hazards • gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, mists, and smoke • Physical hazards • non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures and pressures

  8. Environmental Factors or Stresses • Ergonomic hazards • workstation design, repetitive motion, improper lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions • Biological hazards • insects, mold, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and viruses

  9. Routes of Entry • Inhalation • airborne contaminants • Absorption • penetration through the skin • Ingestion • eating • drinking

  10. OSHA Hierarchy of Control • Engineering controls • Work practice controls • Administrative controls • Personal protective equipment (PPE)

  11. Types of Exposure • Acute • Short term period between exposure and onset of symptoms • Chronic • Long time period between exposure to an agent and the onset of symptoms

  12. Types of Air Contaminants • Particulates • dusts, fumes, mists, and fibers • non respirable particles • > 10 m in diameter • respirable particles • < 10 m in diameter

  13. Types of Air Contaminants • Fumes • volatilized solids condenses in cool air • < 1.0 m in diameter • hot vapor + air (reaction with) = oxide • Mists • suspended solid droplets • generated by a condensation of liquids from a vapors to a liquid state

  14. Types of Air Contaminants • Fibers • solid, slender, elongated structures • length several times the diameter • Gases • formless fluids that expand to occupy a space • arc-welding, internal combustion engine exhaust air • Vapors • liquid changed to vapor • organic solvents

  15. Units of Concentration • ppm • parts per million • mg/m3 • milligrams per cubic meter • mppcf • millions or a particle per cubic foot • f/cc • fibers per cubic centimeter

  16. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • OSHA • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • NIOSH • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health • ACGIH • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

  17. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • OSHA • PEL • permissible exposure limit • NIOSH • REL • recommended exposure level • ACGIH • TLV • threshold limit value

  18. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • OSHA • PEL, STEL, Ceiling • NIOSH • TWA, STEL, Ceiling • ACGIH • TWA, STEL, Ceiling

  19. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • TWA • takes into account variable exposure through a full shift, 8 hour work day • STEL • limit of exposure during a short period, 15 minutes • CEILING • absolute maximum level of exposure not to be exceeded

  20. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • Legally enforceable • OSHA PEL • OSHA AL (action level)

  21. Air Contaminants • 29 CFR 1910.1000 • Table Z-1 • Substances with Limits Preceded by “C” - Ceiling Values • Table Z-2 • employee’s exposure to Table Z-1 contaminants shall not exceed exposure limits listed in Z-2 (TWA and ceiling concentrations) • Table Z-3 • Mineral Dusts

  22. Hearing Conservation • 2.9 million workers experience 8-hours noise exposures > 90 bBA • 29 CFR 1910.95 • PEL • 90 dBA • 8 hours • engineering and administrative controls

  23. Hearing Conservation Program • Mandatory • at an 8-hour TWA > 85 dBA • Exposure monitoring • Audiometric testing • Hearing protection • Employee training • Recordkeeping

  24. Hearing Conservation Program • An effective program depends upon • employers • supervisors • employees • others

  25. Bloodborne Pathogens • Bloodborne pathogens include • Hepatitis B • HIV • Others • 29 CFR 1910.1030 • describes actions employers must take to reduce risk of exposure in the workplace

  26. Bloodborne Pathogens • 29 CFR 1910.1030 • Scope and application • all employees with occupational exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) • Exposure control plan (ECP)

  27. Bloodborne Pathogens • 29 CFR 1910.1030 - ECP • engineering and work practice controls • personal protective equipment • training • medical surveillance • Hepatitis B vaccinations • signs and labels • other provisions

  28. Industrial Hygiene • ANTICIPATION • RECOGNITION • EVALUTION • CONTROL

More Related