Informatics 121 Software Design I

1. Informatics 121Software Design I Lecture 2 Duplication of course material for any commercial purpose without the explicit written permission of the professor is prohibited.

2. Announcements • No discussion Friday • TA office hours have been set • Design studio 1 comes out on Tuesday • Piazza is now live • https://piazza.com/uci/winter2019/inf121/

3. Today • Defining design • Defining software design • Two fundamental challenges

4. Defining design • Decision making, in the face of uncertainty, with high penalties for error • To choose the things we use shall look as they do • A creative activity—it involves bringing into being something new and useful that has not existed previously • Relating product with situation to give satisfaction • The imaginative jump from present facts to future possibilities • To form a plan or scheme of, to arrange or conceive in the mind, … for later execution

5. Defining design • To initiate change in man-made things • To plan or intend for a purpose • To work out a solution in one’s mind • The transition from possible solutions to a specific one • …

6. Three themes • Design focuses on identifying a novel envisioned future • Design involves deliberate decision making and planning; it is not simply acting out of impulse • Design decisions are consequential: there are stakeholders who must be satisfied with the result

7. Our definition To decide upon a plan for a novel change in the world that,when realized, satisfies stakeholders

8. Design designer plan maker change in the world other stakeholders audience experiences [stakeholders = audience + other stakeholders]

9. Design a luxury airplane designer plan maker change in the world other stakeholders audience experiences

10. Design a library designer plan maker change in the world other stakeholders audience experiences

11. Design an award designer plan maker change in the world other stakeholders audience experiences

12. Design fields • Architecture design • Graphic design • Fashion design • Game design • Chip design • Car design • Urban design • Product design • Interior design • …

13. Design fields • Architecture design • Graphic design • Fashion design • Game design • Chip design • Car design • Urban design • Product design • Interior design • … • Writing • Painting • Sculpting • Music composition • …

14. Design fields • Architecture design • Graphic design • Fashion design • Game design • Chip design • Car design • Urban design • Product design • Interior design • … • Writing • Painting • Sculpting • Music composition • … • Software design

15. Design designer plan maker change in the world other stakeholders audience experiences

16. Software design designer plan maker change in the world other stakeholders audience experiences

17. Software design software designer source code compiler* runnable program other stakeholders users experiences [* or, at times, the person who installs and configures the software instead of the compiler]

18. Two fundamental challenges • The nature of software • The nature of people

19. Nature of software (Brooks) • Complexity • software is among the most complex people-made artifacts • Conformity • software has no laws of nature that simplify its existence; rather, it lives in a world of designed artifacts to which it must conform • Changeability • software is subject to continuous pressure to change • Invisibility • because the reality of software is not embedded into space, it is inherently unvisualizable

20. Nature of people • Diversity • people differ in how they experience the world • Indiscernibility • experiences are distinctly mental in nature, with tangible reactions and signs not always matching the actual experience • Familiarity • people tend to be risk averse, sticking to role, organizational, and societal norms and values • Volatility • with every new exposure, people reinterpret and modify their opinions and expectations