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Operant Conditioning (Types of Reinforcement)

Operant Conditioning (Types of Reinforcement). Mr. Koch Psychology Forest Lake High School. Operant Conditioning. Ways to decrease behavior Extinction Punishment Ways to increase behavior Pairing Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement. Operant Conditioning.

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Operant Conditioning (Types of Reinforcement)

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  1. Operant Conditioning(Types of Reinforcement) Mr. Koch Psychology Forest Lake High School

  2. Operant Conditioning • Ways to decrease behavior • Extinction • Punishment • Ways to increase behavior • Pairing • Positive reinforcement • Negative reinforcement

  3. Operant Conditioning

  4. Operant Conditioning • Primary Reinforcers • Associated with needs • Not learned • Ex: food, clothing, shelter • Secondary Reinforcers • Associated with something that satisfies a need • Is learned • Ex: $$$, poker chips, food stamps, grades

  5. Operant Conditioning • Positive Reinforcement • Increases the frequency of a behavior • Is wanted • Ex: food, praise, money, awards • Negative Reinforcement • Increases behavior by removing something unpleasant (discomfort, fear, social disapproval, etc) • “reverse reward” • Ex: don’t have to do the dishes all week if you get an A

  6. Operant Conditioning • Punishment • Consequence that decreases the rate of a behavior • Important: • What is reinforcing to one is NOT necessarily to another • Ex: Suspension after skipping school = more days off vs. fear of suspension • Increases attendance for some, not for others • Ex: Student forced to stay after school = punishment for some vs. now getting teacher’s full attention (positive)

  7. Operant Conditioning(Schedules of Reinforcement) • Fixed Interval • based on time • Reinforced after a set time period • Ex: bell ringing after class • Ex: quizzes every Friday • Variable Interval • Based on time • Reinforced randomly at different times • Resistant to extinction • Ex: pop quizzes

  8. Operant Conditioning(Schedules of Reinforcement) • Fixed Ratio • Based on responses (behaviors) • After set # of correct responses • Easy to extinguish behavior • Ex: piecework in factories, dog treat every 3rd time trick is performed • Variable Ratio • Reinforce behavior after random number of correct responses • Very resistant to extinction (can be addictive) • Ex: Gambling, fishing

  9. Operant Conditioning • Avoidance Conditioning • Eliminate undesirable behavior not yet present • Subject taught to avoid stimulus • Counter Conditioning • Applies to already learned undesirable behaviors • Seeking a new response • Unlearning old behavior

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