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Pork CRC – Sub-Program 1b

Pork CRC – Sub-Program 1b. Quality assessment of feed ingredients. Objectives & Research Strategies. John Black – Sub-Program Coordinator. Quality assessment of feed ingredients. Components

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Pork CRC – Sub-Program 1b

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  1. Pork CRC – Sub-Program 1b Quality assessment of feed ingredients Objectives & Research Strategies John Black – Sub-Program Coordinator

  2. Quality assessment of feed ingredients Components • Adoption, enhancement & maintenance of NIR calibrations for measurement of energy value of cereal grains • Rapid methods for measuring the nutritional value of pulses and protein rich ingredients • Novel processing methods to increase energy and protein yield from target grains & other ingredients

  3. Background Premium Grains for Livestock Program • Understand the reasons for variation in the nutritional value of cereal grains for different animal types (sheep, cattle, pigs, broilers, layers) • Improve Nutritional Value of cereal grains through processing, breeding & storage • Develop rapid methods for measuring determinants of grain quality – NIR calibrations • Develop a rational basis for trading grains for livestock based on rapid measurement of quality

  4. Energy value of grains for animals Cereal grains are fed to livestock as a source of energy because of their high starch content • Available (digestible energy) content (MJ/kg) • Intake(kg/d) influenced by rate of passage • Available energy intake (MJ/d) – total energy available for production Total available energy expressed as: DE for pigs, but proportion digested in small intestines is important for determining the energy available for metabolism

  5. Range in available energy (MJ/kg DM) PGLP Results Wheat Barley Triticale Sorghum Faecal DE 12.4-15.0 10.6-14.7 12.3-16.5 15.5-16.6 Ileal DE 10.1-15.7 6.7-14.0 9.0-14.7 10.2-15.3 Ileal:Faecal 0.71-0.91 0.58-0.87 0.64-0.89 0.81-0.91 Very wide variation in energy availability across and within grain species

  6. Barley and Wheat micrographs Barley (20X) Wheat (20X)

  7. Cost of variation in available energy A 5% changein the digestible energy value of wheat (0.7MJ/kg) - $190/t Changes annual profitability of a 200 sow piggery by $7,500 Kopinski PRDC Report 1 MJ/kg changes value of grain by $14.30/t Edwards PGLP report

  8. No relationship between available energy content and intake

  9. Relationship between available energy content and intake - Pigs

  10. Protein Matrix Sorghumγ-kafirin proteins – high S bonds

  11. Micrwaved sorghum

  12. Rice Wheat Barley Sorghum Pig Faecal DE – effect of processing

  13. PGLP – NIR CalibrationsPig faecal DE

  14. PGLP – NIR CalibrationsPig ileal DE

  15. Research Strategies for 1b • Enhance NIR calibrations for predicting the nutritional quality of feed ingredients for pigs (available energy content (MJ/kg - faecal & ileal), DE intake (MJ/d), growth and FCR) • Cereal grains (wheat, barley, triticale & sorghum) • Pulses • Heat treated canola meal & milk products Use ileal, faecal digestion trials & separate intake and growth trials with young pigs Grains selected carefully from sub-program 1a & other sources; special attention to sorghum cultivars & performance re wheat Alternate years of cereal grains & pulses + protein meals Deliver : Rapid ‘on site’ measurement of ingredient quality

  16. Research Strategies for 1b • Develop processing methods for improving the utilisation of feed ingredients by pigs • Examine PGLP grains showing wide variation using a suite of diagnostic tools (Microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, solid state NMR, X-ray diffraction, particle sizing, RVA, DCS, invitro amylase etc.) • Develop & validate a lab model of pig digestion for screening grains and processing techniques • Special attention to sorghum breaking γ-kafirin bonds (chemical, enzymic, genetic enzyme production) • Small scale processing & screening • In vivo pig digestion • Commercial processing trials & commercialisation Novel methods to increase nutrient availability

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