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Quality Assessment of Feed Ingredients for Enhanced Livestock Productivity

This report outlines the objectives and research strategies under Sub-Program 1b of the Premium Grains for Livestock Program, focusing on the quality assessment of feed ingredients. Key goals include enhancing NIR calibrations for energy measurement in cereal grains, developing rapid nutritional assessment methods for pulses, and creating novel processing techniques to boost energy and protein yields. The program seeks to understand variations in nutritional values of grains across different livestock types and improve feeding efficiency through innovative processing methods.

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Quality Assessment of Feed Ingredients for Enhanced Livestock Productivity

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  1. Pork CRC – Sub-Program 1b Quality assessment of feed ingredients Objectives & Research Strategies John Black – Sub-Program Coordinator

  2. Quality assessment of feed ingredients Components • Adoption, enhancement & maintenance of NIR calibrations for measurement of energy value of cereal grains • Rapid methods for measuring the nutritional value of pulses and protein rich ingredients • Novel processing methods to increase energy and protein yield from target grains & other ingredients

  3. Background Premium Grains for Livestock Program • Understand the reasons for variation in the nutritional value of cereal grains for different animal types (sheep, cattle, pigs, broilers, layers) • Improve Nutritional Value of cereal grains through processing, breeding & storage • Develop rapid methods for measuring determinants of grain quality – NIR calibrations • Develop a rational basis for trading grains for livestock based on rapid measurement of quality

  4. Energy value of grains for animals Cereal grains are fed to livestock as a source of energy because of their high starch content • Available (digestible energy) content (MJ/kg) • Intake(kg/d) influenced by rate of passage • Available energy intake (MJ/d) – total energy available for production Total available energy expressed as: DE for pigs, but proportion digested in small intestines is important for determining the energy available for metabolism

  5. Range in available energy (MJ/kg DM) PGLP Results Wheat Barley Triticale Sorghum Faecal DE 12.4-15.0 10.6-14.7 12.3-16.5 15.5-16.6 Ileal DE 10.1-15.7 6.7-14.0 9.0-14.7 10.2-15.3 Ileal:Faecal 0.71-0.91 0.58-0.87 0.64-0.89 0.81-0.91 Very wide variation in energy availability across and within grain species

  6. Barley and Wheat micrographs Barley (20X) Wheat (20X)

  7. Cost of variation in available energy A 5% changein the digestible energy value of wheat (0.7MJ/kg) - $190/t Changes annual profitability of a 200 sow piggery by $7,500 Kopinski PRDC Report 1 MJ/kg changes value of grain by $14.30/t Edwards PGLP report

  8. No relationship between available energy content and intake

  9. Relationship between available energy content and intake - Pigs

  10. Protein Matrix Sorghumγ-kafirin proteins – high S bonds

  11. Micrwaved sorghum

  12. Rice Wheat Barley Sorghum Pig Faecal DE – effect of processing

  13. PGLP – NIR CalibrationsPig faecal DE

  14. PGLP – NIR CalibrationsPig ileal DE

  15. Research Strategies for 1b • Enhance NIR calibrations for predicting the nutritional quality of feed ingredients for pigs (available energy content (MJ/kg - faecal & ileal), DE intake (MJ/d), growth and FCR) • Cereal grains (wheat, barley, triticale & sorghum) • Pulses • Heat treated canola meal & milk products Use ileal, faecal digestion trials & separate intake and growth trials with young pigs Grains selected carefully from sub-program 1a & other sources; special attention to sorghum cultivars & performance re wheat Alternate years of cereal grains & pulses + protein meals Deliver : Rapid ‘on site’ measurement of ingredient quality

  16. Research Strategies for 1b • Develop processing methods for improving the utilisation of feed ingredients by pigs • Examine PGLP grains showing wide variation using a suite of diagnostic tools (Microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, solid state NMR, X-ray diffraction, particle sizing, RVA, DCS, invitro amylase etc.) • Develop & validate a lab model of pig digestion for screening grains and processing techniques • Special attention to sorghum breaking γ-kafirin bonds (chemical, enzymic, genetic enzyme production) • Small scale processing & screening • In vivo pig digestion • Commercial processing trials & commercialisation Novel methods to increase nutrient availability

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