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Liver Functions Part II

Liver Functions Part II. 3E1. From where we left off…. In the small intestines. Complete digestion occurs in the small intestines End products (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol) diffuse into the blood vessels lining the small intestines. This process is called Absorption.

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Liver Functions Part II

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  1. Liver Functions Part II 3E1

  2. From where we left off…

  3. In the small intestines • Complete digestion occurs in the small intestines • End products (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol) diffuse into the blood vessels lining the small intestines. • This process is called Absorption.

  4. Some animal samples • Guess what is the organ shown! • From which animal?

  5. Adaptation of the small intestine for absorption

  6. Structure of small intestine

  7. What do you see in the intestinal walls?

  8. How do the folds and villi help in absorption? • The presence of folds and villi in the intestinal wall increase surface area

  9. More adaptations from the small intestine • the epithelial cell of the intestinal wall • One-celled thick epithelial wall and microvilli further increasessurface area

  10. The small intestines • What makes the small intestines suitable for Absorption? 2) Villi and microvilli 1) Elongated ileum, Inner surface of the ileum is folded These features provide large surface area:vol for absorption

  11. The small intestines • What makes the small intestines suitable for Absorption? 3) Many blood vessels lining the small intestines

  12. Absorption • Absorption occurs by: • Diffusion • Active transport • After absorption, Glycerol and fatty acids enter the lacteals Glucose and amino acids enter the blood capilliaries

  13. How does absorption takes place in the intestines Absorption of fatty acids and glycerol • Glycerol and fatty acids diffuse into the epithelium where they combined to form minute fat globules and enters the lacteals • Fat globules mix with lymph in the lacteals to form chyle • Liver is not involved *

  14. Assimilation and function of the liver

  15. Overview Stomach Role of Digestion Mouth & Oesophagus Large Intestine & Others Gall Bladder &Pancreas Small Intestine

  16. Overview – 4 Stages Ingestion Digestion Assimilation Absorption

  17. Lesson objectives: • Describe the fate of glucose, amino acids and fats in the blood that leaves the intestines, after a meal. • Describe the 5 major roles that the liver plays in the human body • Regulation of blood glucose concentration • Deamination of amino acids • Production of bile • Detoxication • Iron storage

  18. Fate of glucose and amino acids

  19. Assimilation Transport and utilization of absorbed foods In the Liver! • Types of absorbed food products • Glucose • Amino acids • Fats

  20. From the small intestines to the liver! How?? Connected by a vein called Hepatic Portal Vein!

  21. A C Guess which part the vein connects to the intestine? B D

  22. Carbohydrate metabolism Hepatic portal vein transports sugars like glucose from the intestines to the liver

  23. Question! Requires only 3 glucose molecules for breathing Receives 5 glucose molecules from the intestines

  24. how many molecules of glucose do you think the liver would transport to the lungs? Requires only 3 glucose molecules for breathing Receives 5 glucose molecules from the intestines

  25. Liver in Glucose metabolism Hepatic portal vein

  26. Carbohydrate metabolism • In the liver…. • Some glucose carried in the blood to be distributed to the rest of the body • Tissue respiration

  27. Insulin and glucagon • In the liver…. • -Glucose (excess) Glycogen (stored) • Hormone : Insulin • If the glucose level is too low in the blood • Glycogen (stored)  Glucose • Hormone: Glucagon

  28. What about the amino acids absorbed by the small intestines? Similar route as sugars: Intestines  hepatic portal vein  liver  general blood circulation

  29. Liver in Protein metabolism Hepatic portal vein

  30. Amino acid metabolism Fate of amino acids • Converted into protoplasm • Used for growth & repair of worn-out parts • Formation of enzymes & hormones • Excess amino acids cannot be stored : Deamination

  31. Deamination H O | —C— | H || C—OH —N— H R Amino group Carbon residue Ammonia (toxic) glucose glycogen Urea (non-toxic)

  32. Fat metabolism (Liver not involved) Intestines  lacteal  lymphatic vessels  blood  rest of the body Fate of Fats • maintenance of cell membranes • Production of hormones • Excess fats stored in adipose tissues When glucose supply is low, fats will be oxidised in the liver to provide energy

  33. Summary: 5 major roles that the liver plays • Regulation of blood glucose concentration • Deamination of amino acids • Iron storage • Production of bile • Detoxication

  34. True/False • Liver is part of the alimentary canal

  35. True/False • Carbohydrates are digested in the liver

  36. True/False • Excess amino acids are deaminated

  37. True/False • Fats are absorbed in the liver and transport to other parts of the body for usage.

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