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Abnormal Cellular Growth and Development

Abnormal Cellular Growth and Development. To detail and describe the major abnormal tissue growths in the body. To connect the structure and function of the ABNORMAL to the NORMAL. To continue to demonstrate the 3Is as they apply to the human body. Human Biology. What do we know so far?.

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Abnormal Cellular Growth and Development

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  1. Abnormal Cellular Growth and Development To detail and describe the major abnormal tissue growths in the body. To connect the structure and function of the ABNORMAL to the NORMAL. To continue to demonstrate the 3Is as they apply to the human body. Human Biology

  2. What do we know so far? • Proper function of the human body is dependent on a hierarchy of components. • Molecules • Cells • Tissues • Systems

  3. Integumentary Circulatory Respiratory Endocrine Reproductive Digestive Excretory Lymphatic Immune Muscular Skeletal The Systems of the body divide the tasks

  4. Through Negative Feedback http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/pix/servomechanismcomponents.gif

  5. Systems are composed of… • The 5 primary tissue types: • Connective Tissue: Binding and support • Epithelium: Linings and Coverings • Nervous: Impulse Transmission • Muscle: Movement • Blood: Specialized connective tissue • Transport, fight infection, clotting

  6. Cellular changes will affect the organs, and thus the systems Aplasia Hypoplasia Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Anaplasia

  7. APLASIA • Tissue is absent, as it was never formed during prenatal development • Congenital • Examples? • Missing parts…finger, kidney, ear

  8. www.dent.niigata-u.ac.jp/.../ malocc/APLASIA.html

  9. Hypoplasia • Underdeveloped Organ; Smaller than normal. • Congenital, too. • Examples? • Again, arm, head, kidney.

  10. http://www.humpath.com/IMG/jpg/limb_hypoplasia_0411.jpg Limb Hypoplasia in a fetal human

  11. Thought Question… How are the two prior ACG’s similar? How are they different? What is the “Structure and Function” link here?

  12. Atrophy • Condition that will decrease the size of an organ • Physiological • The aging process • Pathological • Inactivity or constraint • Arm, Leg Cast

  13. www.theshrivers.us/.../ CalfAtrophy.htm

  14. Riboflavin deficiency (Vitamin B2) www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/. ../oral_symptoms.htm

  15. Hypertrophy • Increase in tissue size due to volumetric increase. • Muscle, Nerve

  16. www.telemedicine.org/ dm/fh.htm

  17. Renal Compensatory Hypertrophy www.e-radiography.net/ ibase5/Renal/index2.htm

  18. www.eatonhand.com/ img/14385.htm Scar Hypertrophy – see the increase of scar tissue?

  19. Hyperplasia • Increase in size due to the addition of new cells • Benign tumors • Growth of a single mass of cells in a tissue. Not cancerous, but can cause mechanical damage

  20. Hyperplasia examples • Papilloma – epithelial growths that project up and out (warts) • Adenoma – epithelial – on or about glands. • Lipoma – connective growths; fatty tissues • Osteoma – connective growths; bone • Myoma – muscle growths • Angioma – growths in small blood vessels

  21. Hemangioma ades.tmu.edu.tw/.../ small/Hemangioma.html

  22. VERRUCA VULGARIS - WART

  23. https:/.../equad/ssl-dir/ content.html?bild=006 Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia

  24. www.angelfire.com/ nc/neurosurgery/GGOst.htm Craniofacial Osteoma

  25. Osteoma www.medwave.cl/.../ Tumores/Septiembre2003/2.act

  26. Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia (Epidermodysplasia verruciformis) – rare skin disease. Can lead to cancer. Viral in origin…know any other viruses that can contribute to cancers?

  27. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17921/17921-h/images/fig100.jpghttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/17921/17921-h/images/fig100.jpg http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/hornlad2.jpg Sometimes hyperplastic conditions are quite rare and unusual in presentation.

  28. Feedback loops can get interrupted, as in this case…lack of iodine causes thyroid to increase in size (hypertrophy and hyperplasia) The result can be a goiter.

  29. Often prevalent in areas with a lack of iodine in the diet. This is the reason that iodine is added to foods (like salt).

  30. Thought Question Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia are both abnormal growth conditions in which things seem to get “bigger.” Yet, they don’t get bigger in the same way. Explain.

  31. ANAPLASIA • Growth alteration in cells that lead to malignancy. • Lots of variation in size, shape, and structure. • Examples? • Malignant tumors that metastasize and cause death. • Sarcomas – Spread by blood stream. Connective. Fast moving and found everywhere in body. • Carcinomas – Epithelial; spread by lymphatic system. • Stomach, breast, urinary tract, skin, uterus

  32. Kaposi’s Sarcoma pathcuric1.swmed.edu/ PathDemo/IND5/IND5140.HTM

  33. Soft tissue sarcoma of thigh - infiltrating muscle radiology.uchc.edu/ eAtlas/Bone/409.htm

  34. Squamous Cell Carcinoma dermatology.cdlib.org/. ../horn/horn2.html

  35. podiatry.temple.edu/ 2006/FPP/Skin/ Basal Cell Carcinoma

  36. Basal Cell Carcinoma comdisorders.cmsu.edu/.../ Images/HM%20Images.htm

  37. Oral Carcinoma www.virtual.unal.edu.co/. ../cap537th.html

  38. Thought Question: Does Anaplasia start out as Anaplasia? In other words, can there be a progression?

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