The United States in World War II

1. CHAPTER The United States in World War II 25 Overview Time Lines 1 Mobilization on the Home Front SECTION 2 The War for Europe and North Africa SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific SECTION 4 The Impact of the War SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 25 Women in America Civil Rights Immigration and Migration The American Dream CHAPTER The United States in World War II 25 HOME “We are now in this war. We are all in it—all the way.” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

3. What do you know? • Read the quote and answer the following: • What event prompted President Roosevelt to decide, “We are now in this war”? • What do you think being in the war “all the way” meant for Americans? • Do you think most Americans agreed with the president at this point? Why or why not? CHAPTER The United States in World War II 25 HOME “We are now in this war. We are all in it—all the way.” President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

4. 1941The Manhattan Project is established to develop an atomic bomb. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, and the United States declares war on Japan. 1942President Roosevelt signs an order forcing Japanese Americans into internment camps. 1943The Allies force Italy to surrender. 1944U.S. Marines take Iwo Jima. 1945V-E Day ends the war in Europe. United States bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki. CHAPTER Time Line 25 HOME The United States

5. 1941Germany invades Greece and Yugoslavia. Germany invades the Soviet Union. 1942The Nazis develop the “final solution” for exterminating Jews. Hitler orders attack on Stalingrad. Allies invade North Africa. 1944Allies invade occupied Europe on June 6, D-Day. Allied soldiers begin liberating survivors of Hitler’s death camps. Nazi retreat begins after Battle of the Bulge. 1943German soldiers surrender to Soviets at Stalingrad. 1945Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet at Yalta. CHAPTER Time Line 25 HOME The World

6. Learn About Americans’ responses to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. To Understand how the United States mobilizes its human and industrial resources to fight on two fronts. SECTION 1 Mobilization on the Home Front HOME

7. SECTION 1 Mobilization on the Home Front HOME Key Idea The United States enters the war and mobilizes its citizens and resources to give its allies unprecedented military and industrial support.

8. establishment of OPA Selective Service draft conversion of industries to wartime production creation of OSRD employment of women in war industry SECTION 1 Mobilization on the Home Front HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING In what ways did the United States prepare for war? Preparation for War1940–1941

9. INTERPRETING Why do you think President Roosevelt gave in to A. Philip Randolph’s demands for equal African-American participation in the war effort? THINK ABOUT • the impact of a large demonstration in Washington on Roosevelt’s popularity • the relationship between blacks and whites in 1941 SECTION 1 Mobilization on the Home Front HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. FORMING OPINIONS Do you think that President Roosevelt should have ordered the internment of Japanese Americans living on the West Coast? THINK ABOUT • the founding principles of the United States • the human costs of internment • the behavior of Japanese Americans • the risks Japanese Americans posed to U.S. security SECTION 1 Mobilization on the Home Front HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About how the Allies coordinated the war effort. To Understand how they defeated Germany and Italy. SECTION 2 The War for Europe and North Africa HOME

12. SECTION 2 The War for Europe and North Africa HOME Key Idea The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union cooperate in the fight to defeat Germany and its allies.

13. July 1944Russians liberate first death camp. April 1945Hitler commits suicide. February 2, 1943Germans surrender at Stalingrad. May 1944Battle of Anzio ends. May 1943Last of Afrika Korps surrenders. January 1945Germany loses Battle of the Bulge. December 22, 1941Churchill and Roosevelt meet. June 6, 1944Allies invade Normandy. May 8, 1945Germany surrenders. SECTION 2 The War for Europe and North Africa HOME 2 Section Assessment FOLLOWING CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER What were the major events influencing the fighting in Europe and Africa?

14. HYPOTHESIZING What do you think might have happened if the Nazis had defeated the Soviets at Stalingrad? THINK ABOUT • the military significance of a German victory • the psychological impact of a German loss SECTION 2 The War for Europe and North Africa HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. FORMING OPINIONS Do you agree with the decision by Roosevelt and Churchill to require unconditional surrender by the Axis Powers? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the advantages of defeating a foe decisively • the advantages of ending a war quickly • how other conflicts, such as the Civil War and World War I, ended SECTION 2 The War for Europe and North Africa HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About U.S. strategy in the Pacific. To Understand how the Allies defeated Japan and ended World War II. SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific HOME

17. SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific HOME Key Idea America wages an aggressive military campaign against Japan in the Pacific islands and finally ends the war.

18. SUMMARIZING What was the significance of some key military actions in the Pacific during World War II? MILITARY ACTION SIGNIFICANCE Philippines Tokyo Midway Leyte Gulf Okinawa Hiroshima Nagasaki SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific HOME 33 Section Assessment Japanese victory destroyed myth of white supremacy in Asia. American bombing lifted American spirits. Americans damaged Japanese air power by destroying aircraft carriers. Reduced Japanese navy to minor role. American victory allowed attack on Japan. America became first country to use atomic bomb. Caused Japan to surrender.

19. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS How was the United States able to defeat the Japanese in the Pacific theater? THINK ABOUT • the geography of the region • the role of technology in the battles • the strategies used by each side SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. EVALUATING Do you think that it is legitimate to hold people accountable for crimes committed during wartime? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the laws that govern human behavior • the likelihood of conducting a fair trial • the behavior of soldiers, politicians, and civilians during war SECTION 3 The War in the Pacific HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the impact of the war on life at home. To Understand the social and economic changes that helped reshape postwar America. SECTION 4 The Impact of the War HOME

22. SECTION 4 The Impact of the War HOME Key Idea Americans begin to adjust to new economic opportunities and continuing social problems after World War II.

23. SUMMARIZING What were some advances and problems in the economy and civil rights during World War II? ADVANCES PROBLEMS ECONOMY CIVIL RIGHTS SECTION 4 The Impact of the War HOME 4 Section Assessment low unemployment;rising crop prices;opportunity for women shortages of housing and food segregation;discrimination;race riots in Detroit and Los Angeles;internment of Japanese Americans more equality in the military;founding of CORE

24. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS What effect do you think World War II had on traditional attitudes and beliefs held by Americans? THINK ABOUT • the role of women in families and the economy • the relationship between the races • the impact of the federal government on society SECTION 4 The Impact of the War HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. COMPARING How were experiences of African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans similar during World War II? THINK ABOUT • the role of each group in the military • governmental actions toward each group • wartime changes that affected minority groups SECTION 4 The Impact of the War HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 25 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. How did the U.S. military reflect the diversity of American society during World War II? 2. How did World War II affect life on the home front? 3. How did federal government actions influence civilian life during World War II? 4. How did the Allies win control of the Atlantic Ocean between 1941 and 1943? 5. What was the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad?

27. 25 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. How did the Battle of the Bulge signal the beginning of the end of World War II in Europe? 7. What strategy did the United States use in fighting the Japanese in the Pacific? 8. Why did President Truman decide to use atomic weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? 9. How did the U.S. economy change during World War II? 10. What events show the persistence of racial tension during World War II?