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Understanding Cell Membrane: The Gateway to Cellular Life

Explore the components of a cell membrane and its crucial functions in maintaining the integrity of cells. Learn about the lipid bilayer, proteins, and selective permeability of the cell membrane. Delve into the Fluid Mosaic Model and the role of cholesterol and membrane proteins in cell function.

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Understanding Cell Membrane: The Gateway to Cellular Life

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  1. Ch. 3 Part 1 The Cell

  2. Vocabulary • Cytology – the study of cells • Cell – the most basic, living functional unit found in the body • Cell membrane • Also called plasma membrane and plasmalemma

  3. 3 Main Components of a Cell • Plasma membrane • A selective permeable barrier • Divides the extracellular fluid (ECF) from the cell’s structures • Cytoplasm • Everything between the plasma membrane and nucleus • Contains cytosol – thick intracellular fluid (ICF) • Contains organelles • Organelles • “organs of the cell” • Organized structures, specific shape, specific function

  4. 3 Main Components of a Cell

  5. The Cell Membrane • Barrier between inside of cell and outside of cell • Constructed of • Lipid bilayer • Proteins • “sea of lipids with floating protein icebergs”

  6. The Cell Membrane • Lipid bilayer • Phospholipids • Line up in 2 parallel rows • Constantly moving and changing places • Called the “Fluid Mosaic Model” – the puzzle pieces constantly move but always fit together • Phospholipid has 2 parts • Phosphorous head – polar, hydrophilic • Fatty acid tail – nonpolar, hydrophobic • Tails meet in the middle

  7. The Cell Membrane • Also made of cholesterol • Inserted among the phospholipids • Gives strength to the membrane • Decreases flexibility of membrane

  8. The Cell Membrane • Membrane proteins – 2 main types • Integral – go all the way into the lipid bilayer • Peripheral – only attached to surface of lipid bilayer

  9. Important Properties of P.M. • Communication • Allows interaction through hormones, enzymes, antibodies, etc. • Electrochemical gradient • Gradient = difference • Inner membrane is more negative than outer membrane (important for nervous system function) • Selective permeability • Allows entry and exit of certain materials

  10. Selective Permeability • What determines what can get in/out? • Only lipid soluble substances can pass • No big molecules can pass, only small non-polar ones • Allows for cation flow, not anion flow • Channels – allows for substances to pass with water • Transporters – shuttle substances in and out

  11. Selective Permeability

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