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Criminal Justice Trends: Community Programs and Research

Criminal Justice Trends: Community Programs and Research. Diane Haynes, M.A., M.P.A. University of South Florida. Overview. What factors Drive Crime, Re-offense Rates, and Growth of Correctional populations Focus on those most likely to reoffend

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Criminal Justice Trends: Community Programs and Research

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  1. Criminal Justice Trends: Community Programs and Research Diane Haynes, M.A., M.P.A. University of South Florida

  2. Overview • What factors Drive Crime, Re-offense Rates, and Growth of Correctional populations • Focus on those most likely to reoffend • Size and problem of Mental Health and Substance Abuse • Examples of what several counties are doing • Q & A

  3. Factors • Crime type, arrests, conviction, sentencing, jail, prison, and probation and parole supervision information • Key drivers of prison population growth • Need for, and access to, various services (MH / SA) • High crime rate of violent crimes, high number of individuals released without supervision, and growth in key segments of the prison population

  4. Who is Most Likely to Reoffend • Identify who is most likely to reoffend through assessment tools and concentrate resource on high-risk individuals. • LSI-R and the Wisconsin Risk / Needs instruments • Ohio Risk assessment was developed to be used at 1) pretrial, 2) community supervision, 3) institutional intake, and 4) community re-entry

  5. Ohio Risk Assessment Instrument • Risk To recidivate • Focus more resources to moderate and high risk cases • Identify dynamic risk factors to be used to prioritize programmatic needs • Criminogenic needs: factors that include substance abuse, personality characteristics, antisocial associates, and antisocial attitudes • Identify potential barriers to treatment • Intelligence, reading ability, language barriers, and cultural barriers

  6. Size and The Problem of Mental Health and Substance Abuse • The jail population has a rate of at least 15.4% dealing with mental health and/or substance abuse. • The jail population who are dealing with a severe mental illness; 13.5% are receiving mental health services, and 47.6% are receiving both mental health and substance abuse services.

  7. The Impact to Criminal Justice % of population with identified in SAMHIS or Medicaid with a Substance Abuse or Mental Health Diagnosis Over time Median number of arrests of population with identified in IDS or Medicaid with a Substance Abuse or Mental Health Diagnosis overtime

  8. The Proportion of Repeat offenders Overtime

  9. Strengthen Community Supervision • Prioritize supervision resources for individuals at moderate or high risk of reoffending • Treatment and case planning should prioritize the core criminogenic needs that can be changed • Be responsive to learning styles, reading abilities, cognitive impairments, and motivation • Implement swift, certain, and graduated sanctions for certain violators • Apply Evidence-Based Practices

  10. What other Counties are Doing • Miami-Dade: Research with IBM/Otsuka Identifying patterns of offenders • Palm Beach: Re-entry Program • Marion County: Mental Health Court • Lee County: Pre-Arrest Diversion Program • Pinellas County: Sixth Judicial Drug Court

  11. Policy • Improve bail and pretrial release and supervision systems • Allow officers to issue a citation rather than making an arrest for minor misdemeanor offenses • Allow placement of people in local jails and prisons to facilities closer to their communities for the last part of their sentence

  12. Acknowledgement Justice Center (2013) Lessons from the States: Reducing Recidivism and Curbing Corrections Costs Through Justice Reinvestment. The Council of State Governments. (http://www.colorado.gov/ccjjdir/Resources/Resources/Ref/Justice_Reinvestment_StateLessons_2012.pdf)

  13. Questions? Diane Haynes, M.A., M.P.A. Statistical Data Analyst Florida Mental Health Institute Department of Law and Policy College of Behavioral and Community Sciences University of South Florida dchayne2@usf.edu 813-974-2056

  14. References • Edward Latessa, Paula Smith, Richard Lemke, Matthew Makarios, and Christopher Lowenkamp, Creation and Validation of the Ohio Risk Assessment System: Final Report (Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati Center for Criminal Justice Research, 2009), 36. • Justice Center (2013) Lessons from the States: Reducing Recidivism and Curbing Corrections Costs Through Justice Reinvestment. The Council of State Governments (http://www.colorado.gov/ccjjdir/Resources/Resources/Ref/Justice_Reinvestment_StateLessons_2012.pdf)

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